Effects of bright light on circadian patterns of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, melatonin and cortisol in healthy subjects

Lemmer, Björn; Brühl, Thomas; Witte, Klaus; Pflug, B.; Köhler, Wilfried; Touitou, Yvan

doi:10.1530/eje.0.1300472

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…It appears that, in both animals and humans, the evening melatonin production onset does not necessarily phase shift in parallel with the morning offset (28). The findings of Lemmer et al (27) that healthy individuals do not shift their melatonin phase when light is given in the evening but depressed patients phase shift when light is given either in the evening or in the morning would indicate a disturbance or instability of the evening melatonin onset oscillator in depression. Rao et al (29), on the other hand, found no significant effects of morning light treatment on melatonin rhythms in nonseasonal depressive patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Lemmer et al (27) showed a significant phase advance in the circadian rhythm of melatonin when bright light was given to young healthy individuals in the morning but not when given in the evening. The two oscillators hypothesis indicate a different regulatory mechanism for melatonin onset in the evening and for melatonin offset in the morning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin in light treatment of patients with seasonal and nonseasonal depression

Thalén

Kjellman

Mørkrid

et al. 1995

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Melatonin as a marker of circadian rhythm and the effect of bright light on melatonin were studied in 63 depressed patients, 42 with a seasonal pattern and 21 with a nonseasonal pattern. The patients were matched for age, time of treatment and severity of depression. Before light treatment, blood was sampled for melatonin and depression was clinically rated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Two hours of light treatment, 350 cd/m2, was given daily for 10 days 0600 to 0800 or 1800 to 2000. Of the 42 patients with seasonal depression, 26 were treated with morning light and, 16 with evening light. The melatonin amplitude was significantly decreased by light, and the melatonin phase position was advanced by morning light and delayed by evening light. All patients except for 3 in each group changed in the expected direction. Although the patients with seasonal pattern had a more favorable outcome than patients with nonseasonal pattern, there was no difference in therapeutic outcome related to the baseline melatonin phase position. The hypothesis that the short term clinical effects of light therapy either in the morning or evening are related to pretreatment melatonin levels or alteration of melatonin amplitude or phase position was not supported in the study. There was also no significant difference between the seasonal and nonseasonal patients related to the degree of light suppression of melatonin and the rebound effect of serum melatonin levels following bright level exposure between 2200 and 2300 before regular light treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin in light treatment of patients with seasonal and nonseasonal depression

Thalén

Kjellman

Mørkrid

et al. 1995

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…MEL, a marker rhythm of the biological clock, did not show a typical circadian rhythm, with very low values during daytime and a prominent peak at night around 04:00 h [39] in the OSAS patients (Table 2). This disturbed pattern was observed both in untreated OSAS patients as well as after CPAP (Table 2).…”

Section: Plasma Norepinephrine and Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 98%

Circadian rhythms in blood pressure, heart rate, hormones, and on polysomnographic parameters in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients

Scholtze

Schmitt

2016

Blood Pressure Monitoring

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The study indicates that BP-controlled hypertensive patients with OSAS can additionally benefit from CPAP therapy by increasing the number of dippers. This treatment significantly improved sleep functions and OSAS symptoms. In addition, arousal movements at night were also reduced and the high sympathetic tone during early morning hours was also decreased. However, there is still an indication of a disturbed function of the biological clock as the loss in the rhythm in plasma melatonin was not corrected by CPAP.

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“…Timed exposure to bright light and darkness can rapidly phase shift the timing of rhythms controlled by the human circadian pacemaker (Czeisler et al, 1986(Czeisler et al, , 1989(Czeisler et al, , 1990Dijk et al, 1987Dijk et al, , 1989Broadway et al, 1987;Lewy et al, 1987;Honma and Honma, 1988;Shanahan and Czeisler, 1991;Minors et al, 1991;Van Cauter et al, 1993Foret et al, 1993b;Allan and Czeisler, 1994;Boivin et al, 1994;Jewett et al, 1994;Shanahan et al, 1997). However, estimation of those light-induced phase shifts has been largely based on phase assessments performed under controlled conditions before and after but not during the phase-resetting stimulus (Hansen et al, 1987;Broadway et al, 1987;Dijk et al, 1989;Rosenthal et al, 1990;Shanahan and Czeisler, 1991;Buresová et al, 1991;Campbell et al, 1993a;Foret et al, 1993a;Lemmer et al, 1994;Deacon and Arendt, 1994;Boivin and Czeisler, 1998;Zeitzer et al, 1997). Few studies have reported melatonin data collected throughout the entire resetting trial (Lynch et al, 1978;Bureošvá et al, 1991;Whitson et al, 1995;Laakso et al, 1993;Van Cauter et al, 1994); none of the three-cycle resetting trials have described data observed throughout the circadian resetting process due to masking effects that complicate the identification of the endogenous circadian components of various rhythms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Melatonin Rhythm Observed throughout a Three-Cycle Bright-Light Stimulus Designed to Reset the Human Circadian Pacemaker

et al. 1999

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Exposure to light and darkness can rapidly induce phase shifts of the human circadian pacemaker. A type 0 phase response curve (PRC) to light that has been reported for humans was based on circadian phase data collected from constant routines performed before and after a three-cycle light stimulus, but resetting data observed throughout the entire resetting protocol have not been previously reported. Pineal melatonin secretion is governed by the hypothalamic circadian pacemaker via a well-defined neural pathway and is reportedly less subject to the masking effects of sleep and activity than body temperature. The authors reasoned that observation of the melatonin rhythm throughout the three-cycle light resetting trials could provide daily phase-resetting information, allowing a dynamic view of the resetting response of the circadian pacemaker to light. Subjects (n = 12) living in otherwise dim light (~10-15 lux) were exposed to a noncritical stimulus of three cycles of bright light (~9500 lux for 5 h per day) timed to phase advance or phase delay the human circadian pacemaker; control subjects (n = 11) were scheduled to the same protocols but exposed to three 5-h darkness cycles instead of light. Subjects underwent initial and final constant routine phase assessments; hourly melatonin samples and body temperature data were collected throughout the protocol. Average daily phase shifts of 1 to 3 h were observed in 11 of 12 subjects receiving the bright light, supporting predictions obtained using Kronauer’s phase-amplitude model of the resetting response of the human circadian pacemaker. The melatonin rhythm in the 12th subject progressively attenuated in amplitude throughout the resetting trial, becoming undetectable for > 32 hours preceding an abrupt reappearance of the rhythm at a shifted phase with a recovered amplitude. The data from control subjects who remained in dim lighting and darkness delayed on average – 0.2 h per day, consistent with the daily delay expected due to the longer than 24-h intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker. Both temperature and melatonin rhythms shifted by equivalent amounts in both bright light-treated and control subjects (R = 0.968; p < 0.0001; n = 23). Observation of the melatonin rhythm throughout a three-cycle resetting trial has provided a dynamic view of the daily phase-resetting response of the human circadian pacemaker. Taken together with the observation of strong type 0 resetting in humans in response to the same three-cycle stimulus applied at a critical phase, these data confirm the importance of considering both phase and amplitude when describing the resetting of the human circadian pacemaker by light.

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Effects of bright light on circadian patterns of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, melatonin and cortisol in healthy subjects

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Melatonin in light treatment of patients with seasonal and nonseasonal depression

Melatonin in light treatment of patients with seasonal and nonseasonal depression

Circadian rhythms in blood pressure, heart rate, hormones, and on polysomnographic parameters in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients

Melatonin Rhythm Observed throughout a Three-Cycle Bright-Light Stimulus Designed to Reset the Human Circadian Pacemaker

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