Effects of breed and wintering diet on growth, puberty and plasma concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in heifers

Granger, Amy; Wyatt, W. E.; Craig, W. M.; Thompson, Donald L.; Hembry, F. G.

doi:10.1016/0739-7240(89)90019-2

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This would have resulted in a change in the ratio between IGFBP-3 and IGF-1, and suggests that variation in IGF-1: IGFBP-3 ratio could possibly mediate the time to reach puberty. Results obtained by Jones et al (1991), Granger et al (1989) and Yelich et al (1996) differ from results obtained in the present experiment in terms of association between puberty and IGF-1 concentration. These authors found that IGF-1 increased before puberty, independent of dietary treatment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

The roles of the insulin-like growth factor system and leptin as possible mediators of the effects of nutritional restriction on age at puberty and compensatory growth in dairy heifers

Luna-Pinto¹,

Cronje²

2000

SA J. An. Sci.

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The aim of this experiment was to determine to what extent changes in the blood concentrations of insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), leptin and glucose are associated with compensatory growth and age at puberty in Friesian heifers. Twelve heifers (6 months old; 179.8 kg body weight) were allocated to one of two dietary treatments for 30 weeks. Treatments were designed to result in two different growth rates during the first 13 weeks of the experiment, viz. 0.3 kg/d (restriction treatment) or 0.6 kg/d (control treatment). From week 14 to 30, the restricted group received the same amount of feed per kg bodyweight as was fed to the control group (compensatory phase). Heifers in the control treatment reached puberty four weeks earlier than the restricted group. Mean body weight at puberty was 256.3 kg and was not affected by treatment. During the compensatory phase, the growth rate of the previously restricted animals was greater, and feed conversion ratio superior, compared to that of the control group. Plasma IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations were higher in the restricted group than in the control group during the early compensatory phase. Concentrations of IGFBP-3 increased and peaked at puberty for both treatments, even though puberty occurred at different ages. In contrast, concentrations of IGF-1 peaked at the point of maximum growth rate in the previously restricted animals, and in neither treatment was there a clear relationship with the age of puberty. Plasma leptin concentrations increased until puberty in both treatments even though the date of puberty differed. Plasma glucose concentration did not change at puberty for either treatment; however, differences between treatments were found after the restriction period. There were no differences in IGFBP-2 concentrations between treatments or sampling periods. It is concluded that concentrations of glucose, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are affected by nutritional restriction and repletion, and may contribute in some measure to the endocrine regulation of compensatory growth. It is suggested that the increased concentrations of leptin and IGFBP-3 during pubertal development may act as physiological signals for the onset of puberty.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

The roles of the insulin-like growth factor system and leptin as possible mediators of the effects of nutritional restriction on age at puberty and compensatory growth in dairy heifers

Luna-Pinto¹,

Cronje²

2000

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…This GH response was not evident in rats (Achilles et al, 1982;Schalch and Cree, 1985) or under conditions of mild restriction in cattle (Chew et al, 1984;Elsasser et al, 1989). Combined protein and energy restriction increased GH secretion in lactating dairy cows (deBoer et al, 1985), growing beef heifers (Granger et al, 1989), infants (Muzzo and Alcazar, 1985), barrows (Buonomo and Baile, 1991), and adult ewes (Thomas et al, 1990). Although there was no interaction between protein and energy restriction in the present experiment, direct comparison of the groups indicated that the greatest effect on the number of GH peaks was in mares receiving the combination of restricted protein and energy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The plasma IGF-I concentrations in growing heifers (Houseknecht et al, 1988;Granger et al, 1989). In rats, protein restriction was related to decreased IGF-I activity in plasma (Reeves et al, 1979;Prewitt et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dietary protein and(or) energy restriction in mares: plasma growth hormone, IGF-I, prolactin, cortisol, and thyroid hormone responses to feeding, glucose, and epinephrine1

Sticker

Thompson

Fernandez

et al. 1995

Journal of Animal Science

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Sixteen light horse mares were fed diets of bermudagrass hay and a corn/cottonseed hull-based supplement formulated to contain either 100% (control) or 50% (restricted) of the protein and(or) energy requirements for maintenance in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Plasma IGF-I, prolactin, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were monitored for 33 d. On the 27th d, frequent blood samples were drawn throughout the day for the measurement of growth hormone (GH), and on the 29th d, an epinephrine challenge and an i.v. glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were performed in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Restriction of protein and(or) energy reduced (P < .001) plasma IGF-I concentrations within 24 h, and the effect persisted through the 24th d. Energy restriction decreased (P = .01) plasma cortisol concentrations, whereas thyroid hormones were not influenced (P > .1) by restriction of protein and(or) energy. Plasma prolactin concentrations were low throughout the experiment and after the IVGTT, but they increased (P = .003) after feeding. Protein restriction increased (P = .09) the occurrence of GH episodes during the 14-h feeding period on d 27; the greatest effect occurred in the mares restricted in both nutrients. In contrast, energy restriction reduced (P = .05) the GH response to epinephrine injection. We conclude that 1) protein deficiency in mares increases GH secretion, whereas energy restriction alone does not, 2) a deficiency in energy and(or) protein reduces IGF-I secretion, and 3) prolactin concentrations increase after feeding, even at a time of year when secretion rates are naturally low.

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“…Peripheral concentrations of IGF-I are positively associated with body condition and nutrient intake [13,14,32], and decreased concentrations of IGF-I are associated with delayed puberty [33] and increased postpartum anestrous intervals [34][35][36] in beef cattle. During the estrous cycle before these nutritionally restricted heifers became anovulatory, concentrations of IGF-I in plasma were only 12% of the concentrations in M heifers [11].…”

Section: Rate Of Gain During Realimentation (Hgain Vsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritionally Induced Anovulation in Beef Heifers: Ovarian and Endocrine Function During Realimentation and Resumption of Ovulation1

Bossis

Wettemann

Welty

et al. 2000

Biology of Reproduction

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Nutritionally induced anovulatory and cyclic Angus x Hereford heifers were used to evaluate follicular growth and concentrations of hormones and metabolites during anovulation and resumption of ovulation. Anovulatory heifers were fed to gain 0.6 (LGAIN) or 1.5 (HGAIN) kg/day until resumption of ovulation, and heifers with normal estrous cycles were fed a maintenance diet (M). Follicles >/= 4 mm in diameter were measured by daily ultrasonography in HGAIN and LGAIN heifers during one follicular wave before realimentation (Wan) and in two waves (W-2, W-1) immediately before the wave resulting in first ovulation or luteinization (W0). Ovaries of M heifers were evaluated to determine the day of ovulation of the second-wave dominant follicle (DF). Resumption of ovulation after realimentation occurred 23 days earlier in HGAIN than in LGAIN. Maximum diameter, growth rate, and persistence of dominant follicles increased, while persistence of first subordinate follicles decreased between anovulation and resumption of ovulation in anovulatory heifers. Concentrations of LH in serum were similar for HGAIN and LGAIN and gradually increased during realimentation. The increase in estradiol before the first ovulation was less in realimented heifers compared with cyclic heifers. Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in HGAIN and LGAIN gradually increased during realimentation but were lower than concentrations of IGF-I in cyclic heifers at ovulation. Increased diameter, growth rate, and persistence of the DF were associated with increased concentrations of LH, estradiol, and IGF-I during the transition from nutritionally induced anovulation to resumption of ovulatory cycles.

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Effects of breed and wintering diet on growth, puberty and plasma concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in heifers

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

The roles of the insulin-like growth factor system and leptin as possible mediators of the effects of nutritional restriction on age at puberty and compensatory growth in dairy heifers

The roles of the insulin-like growth factor system and leptin as possible mediators of the effects of nutritional restriction on age at puberty and compensatory growth in dairy heifers

Dietary protein and(or) energy restriction in mares: plasma growth hormone, IGF-I, prolactin, cortisol, and thyroid hormone responses to feeding, glucose, and epinephrine1

Nutritionally Induced Anovulation in Beef Heifers: Ovarian and Endocrine Function During Realimentation and Resumption of Ovulation1

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