Effects of Breathing Pattern on Oxygen Delivery Via a Nasal or Pharyngeal Cannula

Yamamoto, Natsuhiro; Miyashita, Tetsuya; Takaki, Satoshi; Goto, Takahisa

doi:10.4187/respcare.04173

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Other causes of nasal dryness include climatic factors, workplace conditions, advancing age, allergic rhinitis (house dust mites and molds), bacterial infections, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), or even specific side effects of medications. Of course, one of the first symptoms of a cold infection is the so-called "runny nose" [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Nasal Spray Containing Sodium Hyaluronate and Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in Otolaryngological Disorders

Motta,

Pulitano,

Potenza

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Otolaryngological disorders encompass a broad spectrum of conditions that affect the ear, nose, and throat. These conditions often lead to significant discomfort, a reduced quality of life, and the necessity for effective and well-tolerated therapeutic interventions. This article aims to provide an efficacy and safety assessment of VIARINOX®, a patented technology designed to remove mucus residue from nasal passages in both children and adults, targeting nasal congestion. The study focused on evaluating the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and the barrier effect of the patented technology. This evaluation involved chemical assays centered on free radical inhibition and assays conducted on reconstructed respiratory epithelium inserts, where damage was induced using LPS. The results obtained indicate that, owing to the presence of sodium hyaluronate, methylsulfonylmethane, and N-acetyl cysteine, this technology could serve as a pharmacological tool for treating otolaryngological disorders and as a preventive measure against the risk of microbial contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Nasal Spray Containing Sodium Hyaluronate and Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in Otolaryngological Disorders

Motta,

Pulitano,

Potenza

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…A nasal cannula is a low-flow oxygen device most widely used in the acute or chronic care setting [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], yet room air dilution is an unavoidable situation [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Rule of thumb suggests that every liter per minute increases the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) by approximately 4% for normal rate and depth of breathing [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In sick patients, there is no universal breathing pattern at a different stage; a common pattern is lower tidal volume (V T ) with an increased respiratory rate (RR) [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Oxygen Concentration Delivered via Nasal Cannula on Different Lung Conditions: A Bench Study

2021

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Background: Measuring the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) is challenging in spontaneously breathing patients with impaired respiratory mechanics during low-flow nasal cannula. Our study investigates the FiO2 with varied tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate (RR) among different lung mechanics and provides equations to estimate the FiO2. Methods: Two training and test lungs were used in this study, and the three lung mechanics (normal (R5/C60), restrictive (R20/C80), obstructive (R5/C40)) were designed. Spontaneous breathing with VT (300, 500, and 700 mL) and RR (10, 20, and 30 breaths/min) was simulated. The flow rate of the nasal cannula was set to 1, 3, and 5 L per minute (LPM), and the FiO2 was measured at the carina. Results: The lowest and highest FiO2 were evident during high (700 mL) and low VT (300 mL), respectively, among normal, restrictive, and obstructive lung models. As RR increases, this decreases the FiO2. However, we found that VT and oxygen flow rate are the principal factors influencing measured FiO2 by multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the actual FiO2 is never as high in spontaneously breathing patients as that estimated. VT and oxygen flow rate had a substantial impact on the FiO2.

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“…The high-flow system provides a flow that is equal to or exceeds the patient's peak inspiratory flow and ensures a fixed F IO2 , while the lowflow system is variable due to the entrained indoor air that dilutes the oxygen, resulting in a low F IO2 . 1,2,4 The precise F IO2 amount delivered is difficult to determine in spontaneously breathing patients because it is influenced by the breathing pattern, including the patient's minute ventilation, f, V T , inspiratory time (T I ), expiratory time (T E ), functional apparatus dead space, inspiratory flow rate, expiratory flow rate and impact of open or closed mouth, 1,2,4,[6][7][8][9] particularly in patients with respiratory failure, which manifests as hypoventilation or hyperventilation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of oxygen concentration in the airway during inspiration and pre-inspiration with a nasal cannula

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BACKGROUND: In low flow oxygen therapy, FIO2 is difficult to measure in spontaneously breathing patients due to room air dilution and dead space rebreathing, especial in impairments respiratory mechanics. This study determined oxygen concentrations with different tidal volumes and respiratory rates among different lung mechanics and provided equations to estimate oxygen concentrations during standard nasal cannula oxygen therapy. METHODS: Two Training & Test Lung models were used in this study. One simulated spontaneous breathing, whereas the other included an expiratory gas modification bellow. Three lung mechanics [normal (R5/C60), restrictive (R20/C80) and obstructive (R5/C40)] were designed, and spontaneous breathing settings for different tidal volumes(VT) and respiratory rates(f) were simulated by the mechanical ventilator. The nasal cannula used flows of 1, 3 and 5L/min; peak inspired oxygen concentration (FO2 insp.) and pre-inspired oxygen concentration (FO2 pre-insp.) were measured. RESULTS: Increased VT caused a decreased FO2 insp. and FO2 pre-insp., except at 1L/min oxygen flow with a high f (30breaths/min). Multiple regression analysis showed oxygen flow rate, VT and f as the most important factors in predicting oxygen delivery during nasal cannula therapy. Therefore, we provided equations to predict oxygen concentration for managing patients with acute and chronic lung diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that under low-flow nasal cannula therapy, various lung mechanics and respiratory patterns in the normal, restrictive and obstructive lung models will affect the oxygen concentration.

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Effects of Breathing Pattern on Oxygen Delivery Via a Nasal or Pharyngeal Cannula

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Nasal Spray Containing Sodium Hyaluronate and Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in Otolaryngological Disorders

Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Nasal Spray Containing Sodium Hyaluronate and Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in Otolaryngological Disorders

Impact of Oxygen Concentration Delivered via Nasal Cannula on Different Lung Conditions: A Bench Study

Estimation of oxygen concentration in the airway during inspiration and pre-inspiration with a nasal cannula

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