Effects of both diffractive element and fiber optic based detector in a chromatic confocal system

Analysis of mutli-spectral images from cardiovascular tissue by means of blind source separation methods

“…2) System based on a confocal configuration: D. Duque and J. Garzón [9] proposed a system based in a confocal architecture. Figure 2 presents the scheme of this system.…”

“…Sample. [9] B. Methods 1) Light-tissue model representation: When a light source interacts with a biological tissue, light suffers three phenomena: scattering, reflection, and absorption.…”

Mechanical Scan-Free Confocal Microscope by a Broadband Source and Two Balanced Wavelength-to-Space Transformations

“…To date, for replacing one or two bulky mechanical scanners inside confocal microscopes, various wavelength-to-space disperser(s) was utilized in confocal microscope [4]- [10]. In the wavelength-to-space disperser(s), different wavelength components of the excitation source's emission spectrum are focused and mapped to different positions within the sample by various diffractive or dispersive optical elements, such as gratings [4]- [6], virtually imaged phase arrays (VIPAs) [7], [8], prisms [9], or Fresnel lens [10], [11]. The reflected optical spectrum from the specimen is then encoded for the sample structure.…”

“…The reflected optical spectrum from the specimen is then encoded for the sample structure. The encoded spectrum is then passed through the confocal pinhole and decoded at the detection end by different optical systems, such as the heterodyne Fourier-transform spectroscopy [4], the optical spectrometry [5], [7], [10], [11], or a high-speed detection system [6], [8]. In these decoding systems, additional post data-processing hardware and software procedures are needed to deduce the 2-D or 3-D sample image according to the sample-encoded spectrum, which increases the system's complexity and slows down the imaging speed.…”