Effects of body condition on the insulin resistance, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress of lactating dairy cows

Abstract

Background: Overconditioned dairy cows are prone to greater insulin resistance in transition to successfully adapt to negative energy balance. The associations among body condition score (BCS), insulin resistance, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in cows during late lactation with positive energy balance remain to be elucidated. Methods: The objectives of this study were to investigate insulin sensitivity and oxidative status in late lactating dairy cows with different BCS but similar milk production, parity and days in milk. Forty-two multiparous Holstein cows were fed the same diet under the same management and divided into three groups based on BCS: low BCS (LBCS; BCS ≤ 2.75; n = 12), medium BCS (MBCS; 3.0 ≤ BCS ≤ 3.5; n = 15) or high BCS (HBCS; BCS ≥ 3.75; n = 15). Blood samples used for analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters were collected from the coccygeal vein at the end of experiment. Results: The concentrations of insulin and nonesterified fatty acid were higher and the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI) was lower in HBCS cows than in LBCS and MBCS cows. These results suggest that insulin resistance exacerbates lipolysis in HBCS cows. Serum concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein B were lower in HBCS cows than in LBCS or MBCS cows. Although LBCS and MBCS cows had higher reactive oxygen species levels than did HBCS cows, the malondialdehyde concentration was not different among cows with different BCS. Ceruloplasmin activity was higher in MBCS and HBCS cows than in LBCS cows, but superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and paraoxonase activities were not different among cows with different BCS. Despite the higher percentage of granulocytes in MBCS cows than in HBCS cows, no differences were found in leukocyte counts, red blood cell profiles and platelet profiles among the cows in the three groups. Conclusions: Results of this study showed that compared with MBCS and LBCS cows, HBCS cows at late lactation stage may have accumulated more hepatic triacylglycerol and lower antioxidant potential due to greater insulin resistance.

Blood neutrophil extracellular traps: a novel target for the assessment of mammary health in transition dairy cows

“…In the current study, the higher levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit and lower concentrations of cholesterol and albumin in cows with higher DSCC suggested that dairy cows with high mastitis risk may be prone to diseases and have higher cell permeability due to protein mobilization [ 26 , 27 ]. In agreement with our results, several studies showed that the levels of red blood cells, cholesterol, and albumin in dairy cows prone to disease changed [ 28 , 29 ]. However, the numbers of other blood cells, especially neutrophils, and nutritional metabolite levels in transition dairy cows with different DSCCs were almost the same, indicating that these cows with different DSCCs had similar physiological statuses that were consistent with the lack of clinical signs.…”

Rumen and fecal microbiota profiles associated with immunity of young and adult goats

“…Serum was separated by centrifugation at 1500 × g for 15 min, transferred to microfuge tubes and stored at -80°C until analysis. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA, H108-1-2), immunoglobulin G (IgG, H106), immunoglobulin M (IgM, H109), interleukin-2 (IL-2, H003), interleukin-4 (IL-4, H005), and interleukin-6 (IL-6, H007-1-1) were measured using commercial ELISA kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Biotech, Jiangsu, China) according to the manufacturer’s protocol at a wavelength of 450 nm using a micro-titer plate reader (BioTek, USA) ( 26 , 27 ).…”

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 as an Alternative Approach to Cure Diarrhea in Saanen Kids

“…The immune factors in serum-containing immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also analyzed. These factors were measured using specific ELISA commercial kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Biotech, Jiangsu, China) and semiautomatic equipment (BioPlus 2000, Kolding, Denmark, Europe) [20,21].…”