Effects of blood on bone cement made of calcium phosphate: Problems and advantages

Abstract

In recent years, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have frequently been used as bone substitutes in the field of orthopedic surgery. When CPC is used as a bone substitute in vivo, blood contamination is unavoidable. To date, however, no detailed study has been conducted focusing on how the physical properties of CPCs would change under the influence of blood. In this study, the effects of blood contamination on Biopex-R (BPR, PENTAX, Tokyo) are examined in vitro and in vivo. The compressive strength of BPR after setting decreased depending on the amount of contaminating blood. The BPR, which has set in vivo, not only has a fragile surface due to the contamination by blood, but also has a propensity to shorten and be destroyed during the early postoperative stage, especially in the bone exposed to loads. On the other hand, radiographic and histological features in vivo indicated that the absorption and the bone replacement of BPR were stimulated by blood contamination. In the clinical evaluation, the patient's own peripheral venous blood was added to the BPR. One year after the surgery, the absorption was noted around the hardened BPR. To advance CPCs (including BPR) as bioabsorbable bone replaceable materials, it is essential to utilize the patient's own blood in combination with the CPC.

Calcium Phosphate Cement Paste Injection as a Fiducial Marker of Cervical Cancer

“…Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is widely used as a bone substitute (3)(4)(5). We injected CPC paste as a fiducial marker in this study.…”

“…This paste is self- hardening within 10 min and recrystallizes to HA in the living body without an organic content. They show very little bioresorbability in the living body because their final reaction product is mainly HA (4). HA is the primary mineral component of teeth and bone, being safe in the living body (3), and its enables the avoidance of artifacts on CT images.…”

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

“…One must stress that the resorption kinetics should be balanced with the rate of new bone formation to avoid collapse at the fracture site, which might occur if the resorption is too fast. Interestingly that to advance self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations as bioabsorbable bone replaceable materials, it is essential to utilize the patient’s own blood in combination with the formulations [444]. …”

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

“…One must stress that the rate of cement resorption should be balanced with the rate of new bone formation to avoid collapse at the fracture site, which might occur if the resorption is too fast. Interestingly, but to advance calcium orthophosphate cements as bioabsorbable bone replaceable materials, it is essential to utilize the patient's own blood in combination with the cements [395].…”