Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Strength and Pain in Patients With Knee Injuries

Li, Shuoqi; Shaharudin, Shazlin; Kadir, Mohammed Rafiq Abdul

doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001567

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Except for 4 post-strength assessments [4,19,23,24] statistical significance beyond the comparison (non-BFR low-intensity training) group was achieved in 78% (n = 14) of the included trials (n = 18 strength assessments). The results are in line with other reviews investigating longer-term effects (> 3 weeks) of BFR training on muscle strength in mostly older adults [29], and those with knee injuries [30]. However, as this review was not a metaanalysis and relied on qualitative syntheses, caution is warranted in making firmer conclusions regarding the potential of HF-BFR to induce similar strength gains as longer duration protocols.…”

Section: General Findings Identified In High-frequency Bfr Applicatio...supporting

confidence: 86%

Physiological adaptations and myocellular stress in short-term, high-frequency blood flow restriction training: A scoping review

et al. 2022

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Background High frequency (1–2 times per day) low-intensity blood flow restriction (BFR) training has been recommended as a prescription approach for short durations of time to maximize relevant physiological adaptations. However, some studies demonstrate negative physiological changes after short periods of high-frequency BFR training, including prolonged strength decline and muscle fiber atrophy. Objectives To provide a comprehensive overview of short-term, high-frequency blood flow restriction training, including main adaptations, myocellular stress, limitations in the literature, and future perspectives. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed®, and Web of Science) was performed from the earliest record to April 23, 2022. Two independent reviewers selected experimental studies that analyzed physical training protocols (aerobic or resistance) of high weekly frequency (>4 days/week) and short durations (≤3 weeks). Results In total, 22 studies were included in this review. The samples were composed exclusively of young predominantly male individuals. Muscle strength and hypertrophy were the main outcomes analyzed in the studies. In general, studies have demonstrated increases in strength and muscle size after short term (1–3 weeks), high-frequency low-intensity BFR training, non-failure, but not after control conditions (non-BFR; equalized training volume). Under failure conditions, some studies have demonstrated strength decline and muscle fiber atrophy after BFR conditions, accompanying increases in muscle damage markers. Significant limitations exist in the current HF-BFR literature due to large heterogeneities in methodologies. Conclusion The synthesis presented indicates that short-term, high-frequency BFR training programs can generate significant neuromuscular adaptations. However, in resistance training to failure, strength declines and muscle fiber atrophy were reported. Currently, there are no studies analyzing low-frequency vs. high-frequency in short-term BFR training. Comparisons between resistance exercises of similar intensities (e.g., combined effort) are lacking, limiting conclusions on whether the effect is a product of proximity to failure or a specific effect of BFR.

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Section: General Findings Identified In High-frequency Bfr Applicatio...supporting

confidence: 86%

Physiological adaptations and myocellular stress in short-term, high-frequency blood flow restriction training: A scoping review

et al. 2022

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“…Anorexia and fatigue were often related to reduced energy intake, which lead to malnutrition and muscle strength. There were some researches that have proved the greater muscle strength was associated with less pain [ 37 , 49 , 50 ]. A randomized controlled trial revealed muscle strengthening and balancing exercises were effective in reducing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain and improving QOL among cancer patients [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Observational Study on the Characteristics of Pain and Associated Factors of Breakthrough Pain in Advanced Cancer Patients

Fan

Yang

et al. 2022

Pain Research and Management

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Objective. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective observational study to understand the status of characteristics of pain and identify potential variables influencing the clinical presentation of breakthrough cancer pain (BTP) in advanced cancer patients. Methods. Advanced cancer patients over 18 years of age; diagnosed with cancer of any type and stage III or IV in the palliative care ward with available data were enrolled between 2018 and 2020. Demographic data and pain-related information were collected by using structured electronic extraction form from Hospital Information System (HIS). Patients who had well-controlled background pain with an intensity ≤4 on a 0–10 numerical scale for >12 hours/day, the presence of transient exacerbations of pain with moderate-severe intensity (≧5), and clearly distinguish from background pain were regarded to have suffered BTP. Spearman correlation was conducted to explore the relationship between pain score and demographics characteristics. Factors significant in univariate analysis were included in the multiple regression model to explore independent predictive factors associated with the BTP. Results. Of 798 advanced cancer patients, the mean age was 56.7 (SD = 11.84) years. Lung cancer (29.95%) was the most common cancer, and pain (93%) was the most common symptom. More than half (n = 428, 53.6%) of the patients experienced BTP. The median number of BTP episodes was 4 (IQR = 2, 7, range: 1–42). The median intensity of BTP was 6 (IQR = 6, 7, range 5–10). Patients with severe background pain or BTP had longer hospital stay and more symptoms. Besides, more severe background pain was related to higher activity of daily living. Intramuscular injection of hydromorphone hydrochloride was the main medication for BTP onset. Younger age, background pain, anorexia, and constipation were independently associated with the presentation of BTP. BTP pain intensity was independently associated with bloating. Symptom numbers were an independent factor and positively associated with BTP episodes. Conclusions. BTP resulted in poor prognosis, which has a variable presentation depending on interdependent relationships among different characteristics. Good controlling of background pain and assessment of pain-related symptoms are essential for BTP management. BTP should be managed individually, especially the invisible pain among aged patients. Furthermore, BTP-related education and training were still needed.

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“…To address the current limitation, attention should be focused on specific grades of OA to produce more accurate findings. Lastly, further studies should investigate the influence of other potentially moment-modifying factors (e.g., toe-out angle, lateral trunk lean, varus-valgus knee laxity, bracing, insole wedges, and knee malalignment) as well as increased muscle strength 52 on normalizing joint loading to determine other crucial biomechanical factors.…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of resistance training on gait velocity and knee adduction moment in knee osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abujaber

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of resistance training in knee osteoarthritis (OA) rehabilitation from a biomechanical perspective. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the potential benefits of resistance training on patients with knee OA. Relevant studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases inception to August 2020. Outcome measures included gait velocity and knee adduction moment (KAM). The mean differences of the data with a 95% confidence interval were analyzed using STATA 15.1 software The search identified eight studies that satisfied all the inclusion criteria, in which 164 patients were involved in gait velocity studies and another 122 patients were part of KAM studies. Analysis of the pooled data showed that resistance training significantly improved the gait velocity in patients with knee OA (p < 0.01, z = 2.73), ES (95% CI) = 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) m/s. However, resistance training had no significant effect on improving KAM in patients with knee OA (p = 0.98, z = 0.03), ES (95% CI) = 0.00 (− 0.16, 0.16) percentage of body weight × height (%BW × Ht). Therefore, resistance training may enhance gait velocity but not KAM in knee OA patients. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020204897).

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Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Strength and Pain in Patients With Knee Injuries

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Physiological adaptations and myocellular stress in short-term, high-frequency blood flow restriction training: A scoping review

Physiological adaptations and myocellular stress in short-term, high-frequency blood flow restriction training: A scoping review

Retrospective Observational Study on the Characteristics of Pain and Associated Factors of Breakthrough Pain in Advanced Cancer Patients

Effects of resistance training on gait velocity and knee adduction moment in knee osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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