“…CRA, central retinal artery; OCTA, optical coherence tomography angiography; BMP2 and BMP4, bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4; CD34 and CD55, transmembrane proteins CD34 and CD55; Flt-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta receptor; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; Ca 2+ , calcium; nNOS, neuronal isoform of nitric oxide; Hif-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; BP, blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; OPP, ocular perfusion pressure; ChBF, choroidal blood flow. (54), altered bifurcation (55) and reduced central retinal artery (CRA) diameter and blood flow (56)(57)(58)(59). This effect appears localized to the CRA once it branches out of the ophthalmic artery (OA), and therefore affects the inner retina but not structures supplied by the OA such as eyelids, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, posterior uveal tract or extraocular muscles.…”