Effects of blending sequences and molecular structures of the compatibilizers on the morphology and properties of PLLA/ABS blends

Cao, Xin; Dong, Wenyong; He, Min; Zhang, Junqing; Ren, Fanglu; Li, Yongjin

doi:10.1039/c8ra09193e

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This effect will be the strongest when the graft groups are concentrated in one region of the compatibilizer. 13,14 Maleic anhydride as the functional graft moiety can interact with PET and is often used as it does not easily homopolymerize and has a better thermal stability compared to other graft moieties. [15][16][17][18][19] The more reactive glycidyl methacrylate graft group was not included in the research, even though it is more suitable for PET covalent bonding since it has a higher tendency for homogenous polymerization during the grafting process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of compatibilizer backbone to degradation and retained functionality of multiple extruded polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

Kets

Jacques

Delva

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study assesses thermal and morphological stabilization of three compatibilizers during mechanical recycling of polymer blends. Polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends compatibilized with three different maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizers were extruded five times via single‐screw extrusion. The backbones of the compatibilizers are (1) polypropylene‐based, (2) an elastomer block copolymer poly(styrene‐co‐[ethylene‐butylene]‐styrene), and (3) a polyolefin elastomer. The degradation and retained functionality of these compatibilizers was assessed by means of simultaneous thermo‐gravimetric analysis, melt flow index, a morphology study, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing. The results show that degradation of the compatibilized blends during multiple processing is low, although the core stability of the blends depends on the initial stability of all of the components in the blend. The thermal stability across the five extrusions was the most favorable for the matrix based grafted compatibilized blend. The functionality of the compatibilizers did show minor morphological destabilization but did not affect the mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of compatibilizer backbone to degradation and retained functionality of multiple extruded polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

Kets

Jacques

Delva

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Small amount of compound is added to multicomponent polymer systems as a compatibilizer which is expected to chemically or physically interact with the polymer components and then to improve the interfacial strength and decrease the size of the dispersion phase. , Thus, a series of molecular structures like block, graft, and comb polymers have been designed and applied as compatibilizers in immiscible polymer blends. The parameters of their molecular structures like block length in block polymers and number and length of side chains in graft and comb polymers are optimized to manipulate the compatibilizers to be enriched at the matrix/domain boundary. − However, it is difficult to identify the location of the compatibilizers in the polymer blends owing to its small amount, which is usually less than a few weight percent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Reactive Compatibilization of PLLA/PVDF Blends Investigated by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

Dong

Hakukawa

Yamahira

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The localization of reactive compatibilizers at the interfaces in polymer blends of PLLA (poly(L-lactic acid)) and PVDF (poly(vinylidene fluoride)) was investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) functionalized with epoxide groups and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains was applied as compatibilizer in the immiscible PLLA/PVDF (50/ 50 wt %) blend. The blends were successfully compatibilized by adding the functionalized POSS through the chemical reaction of epoxide group with PLLA and the dissolution of PMMA into PVDF phase. The localization behaviors of the POSS compatibilizers at the PLLA/PVDF interfaces, which were influenced by melt-blend conditions, were characterized by EDX elemental analysis. We also investigated the local chemical structures in the interfacial regions by energy-loss near edged fine structure in EELS. We proposed the mechanism of the reactive compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends by the STEM-EDX/EELS analysis of the PLLA/PVDF interfaces compatibilized with the POSS derivatives.

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“…These results showed that PLLA/COC10-nHA had enhanced mechanical properties as compared to the PLLA/nHA. These results lead to the assumption that COC chains were not only reinforcing the polymer matrix, but were also involved in the better dispersion of nHA in polymer matrix as corroborated by SEM [43].…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 53%

Comparative Study of Crystallization, Mechanical Properties, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Nanocomposites at Low Filler Loadings of Hydroxyapatite for Bone-Tissue Engineering Based on Poly(l-lactic acid)/Cyclo Olefin Copolymer

Nazir

Iqbal

2021

Polymers

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A poly(l-lactic acid)/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/nHA) scaffold works as a bioactive, osteoconductive scaffold for bone-tissue engineering, but its low degradation rate limits embedded HA in PLLA to efficiently interact with body fluids. In this work, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) was added in lower filler loadings (1, 5, 10, and 20 wt%) in a poly(l-lactic acid)/cyclo olefin copolymer10 wt% (PLLA/COC10) blend to obtain novel poly(l-lactic acid)/cyclo olefin copolymer/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/COC10-nHA) scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration and repair. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship of PLLA/COC10-nHA (ternary system) nanocomposites in comparison with PLLA/nHA (binary system) nanocomposites was systematically studied. Nanocomposites were evaluated for structural (morphology, crystallization), thermomechanical properties, antibacterial potential, and cytocompatibility for bone-tissue engineering applications. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that PLLA/COC10-nHA had uniform morphology and dispersion of nanoparticles up to 10% of HA, and the overall nHA dispersion in matrix was better in PLLA/COC10-nHA as compared to PLLA/nHA. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies confirmed miscibility and transformation of the α-crystal form of PLLA to the ά-crystal form by the addition of nHA in all nanocomposites. The degree of crystallinity (%) in the case of PLLA/COC10-nHA 10 wt% was 114% higher than pure PLLA/COC10 and 128% higher than pristine PLLA, indicating COC and nHA are acting as nucleating agents in the PLLA/COC10-nHA nanocomposites, causing an increase in the degree of crystallinity (%). Moreover, PLLA/COC10-nHA exhibited 140 to 240% (1–20 wt% HA) enhanced mechanical properties in terms of ductility as compared to PLLA/nHA. Antibacterial activity results showed that 10 wt% HA in PLLA/COC10-nHA showed substantial activity against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes. In vitro cytocompatibility of PLLA/COC10 and PLLA nanocomposites with nHA osteoprogenitor cells (MC3T3-E1) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) was evaluated. Both cell lines showed two- to three-fold enhancement in cell viability and 10- to 30-fold in proliferation upon culture on PLLA/COC10-nHA as compared to PLLA/nHA composites. It was observed that the ternary system PLLA/COC10-nHA had good dispersion and interfacial interaction resulting in improved thermomechanical and enhanced osteoconductive properties as compared to PLLA/nHA.

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Effects of blending sequences and molecular structures of the compatibilizers on the morphology and properties of PLLA/ABS blends

Abstract: The morphology and properties of compatibilized PLLA/ABS blends can be optimized by using appropriate compatibilizers and blending sequences.

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Contribution of compatibilizer backbone to degradation and retained functionality of multiple extruded polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

Contribution of compatibilizer backbone to degradation and retained functionality of multiple extruded polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

Mechanism of Reactive Compatibilization of PLLA/PVDF Blends Investigated by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

Comparative Study of Crystallization, Mechanical Properties, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Nanocomposites at Low Filler Loadings of Hydroxyapatite for Bone-Tissue Engineering Based on Poly(l-lactic acid)/Cyclo Olefin Copolymer

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