Effects of biological soil crusts on some physicochemical characteristics of rangeland soils of Alagol, Turkmen Sahra, NE Iran

Kakeh, Jalil; Gorji, M.; Sohrabi, Mohammad; Tavili, Ali; Pourbabaee, Ahmad Ali

doi:10.1016/j.still.2018.04.007

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…2F). Increasing salinity has reduced colonization of plants or biocrusts, thus also increasing the salinity trend (Kakeh et al, 2018). The amount of sodium and potassium in the non-biocrusts compared with biocrusts has increased, which confirms the studies of Maqubela et al (2009), which explain the reason for the increase of some soil elements due to the presence of biocrusts, as follows: copper, sodium, potassium, and zinc stick to the outer surface of the cell wall of the mosses.…”

Section: The Effect Of Biocrusts On Physicochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 76%

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The effects of biocrusts on soil parameters in a semi-arid pediment at north-eastern Iran

2020

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The biocrusts are organized by soil-surface communities of biota that live within or on the very top of soil surface and play an important role in soil conservation. They include lichens, mosses, fungi, cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, and other heterotrophic bacteria. The interaction between biocrusts and soil is very important and good awareness from that help to better manage soil specially in arid and semi-arid areas. The linkage between cyanobacteria species and soil physicochemical parameters and mineralogy in two geomorphic zones in the northeastern Iran was studied. Samples were collected in summer along a linear transect by using 50 x 50 cm quadrates for each study zone. Individual mineral soil particles were analyzed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amounts of Na, K, Ca, and Mg contents as well as EC and SOC altered significantly between two study zones. Biocrusts increased levels of organic carbon, pH, calcium carbonate, exchangeable sodium and potassium percentages. The main soil properties of SOC, CaCO3 and amount of clay changed among biocrust sand bare soils.

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Section: The Effect Of Biocrusts On Physicochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Similarly, Abed et al (2013) showed that biocrusts soils had less pH and EC than bare soils. Subsequent evaporation and ponding of water in these areas would leave substantial amounts of salts behind (Kakeh et al, 2018). High evaporation causes salinity that could build up to the surface (Fig.…”

Section: The Effect Of Biocrusts On Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of biocrusts on soil parameters in a semi-arid pediment at north-eastern Iran

2020

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“…Until now, only one study has recorded terrestrial algae in soils with an EC Sat up to 260 mS cm −1 (Tsujimura et al, 1998). Other studies on biocrusts on saline soils reported only sites with EC Sat values <30 mS cm −1 (e.g., Fox et al, 2009;Kidron, 2016;Sandoval Pérez et al, 2016;Schulz et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2016;Ghiloufi et al, 2017;Kakeh et al, 2018). In the present study, however, much higher ranges of EC Sat (up to 950 mS cm −1 ) were documented, emphasizing the extreme soil salinities of the sampling sites.…”

Section: Soil Characteristics Reflect Extremely Saline Environmentscontrasting

confidence: 68%

Halophilic Algal Communities in Biological Soil Crusts Isolated From Potash Tailings Pile Areas

2020

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Mining potash for fertilizer produces vast amounts of highly saline waste that is deposited in potash tailings piles. Rainfall washes the salts out, affecting the surrounding ecosystems. Only salt-tolerant organisms occur close to the piles, since other species cannot survive in these hypersaline conditions. Halophytic plant communities around tailings piles have been well investigated. However, studies exploring the biodiversity of the space behind the vegetation line that separates suitable salinities for plant growth from hostile conditions are rare. On top of the tailings piles, only microorganisms thrive. This study, for the first time, explored the microalgae and cyanobacteria in biocrusts that inhabit potash tailings pile areas between the vegetation line and the pile body. Two biocrust types were studied: young biocrusts at or close to the tailings piles, and established biocrusts situated in the near surroundings. The estimated abundance of green algae, cyanobacteria and diatoms was studied using a direct microscopy approach, followed by the isolation and establishment of unialgal strains and morphological species determinations. Soil environmental characteristics were analyzed. Soil samples showed EC Sat (electrical conductivity) values that drastically exceeded the scales commonly used to describe soil salinity, indicating extremely saline conditions. Indeed, the isolate composition was shaped by soil salinity parameters. Soil EC Sat of young biocrusts tended to be higher than in established biocrusts, and filamentous green algae were most abundant. In contrast, established biocrusts tended to have a lower EC Sat and were mostly dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria. Algal and cyanobacteria isolate composition differed significantly in young and established biocrusts, although the species number did not. Some of the salt-tolerant algal strains are assumed to be candidates for the formation of artificial biocrusts on the surface of the tailings. Attempts to "green" the piles by the establishment of higher plants to trap rainwater and therefore reduce the salt-output are difficult to apply. Plants require a thick layer of substrate to reduce the salinity, and the substrate easily erodes on the steep slopes. However, microalgae isolated from potash tailings pile areas seem promising, since they can survive on a thinner substrate layer and are already adapted to these hypersaline conditions.

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“…Although Fe and Sr were the most abundant microelements in the substrates and no significant relationship was found with the microalgal diversity, we hypothesize that both elements could influence both the microalgal pool available in the substrate and the presence of particular lichen species 75 – 82 . Kakeh et al 83 also encountered a significantly higher content of Fe under bioencrusted soils compared to uncrusted soils, and Ochoa-Hueso et al 84 positively associated the presence of Fe in the substrate with lichen cover. De los Ríos et al 28 suggested that iron minerals are more resistant to lichen action than the other minerals present due to the presence of a rich zone in iron in direct contact with the lichens but not inside the thalli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Symbiotic microalgal diversity within lichenicolous lichens and crustose hosts on Iberian Peninsula gypsum biocrusts

Moya

Molins

Chiva

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This study analyses the interactions among crustose and lichenicolous lichens growing on gypsum biocrusts. The selected community was composed of Acarospora nodulosa , Acarospora placodiiformis , Diploschistes diacapsis , Rhizocarpon malenconianum and Diplotomma rivas-martinezii . These species represent an optimal system for investigating the strategies used to share phycobionts because Acarospora spp . are parasites of D. diacapsis during their first growth stages, while in mature stages, they can develop independently. R. malenconianum is an obligate lichenicolous lichen on D. diacapsis , and D. rivas-martinezii occurs physically close to D. diacapsis . Microalgal diversity was studied by Sanger sequencing and 454-pyrosequencing of the nrITS region, and the microalgae were characterized ultrastructurally. Mycobionts were studied by performing phylogenetic analyses. Mineralogical and macro- and micro-element patterns were analysed to evaluate their influence on the microalgal pool available in the substrate. The intrathalline coexistence of various microalgal lineages was confirmed in all mycobionts. D. diacapsis was confirmed as an algal donor, and the associated lichenicolous lichens acquired their phycobionts in two ways: maintenance of the hosts’ microalgae and algal switching. Fe and Sr were the most abundant microelements in the substrates but no significant relationship was found with the microalgal diversity. The range of associated phycobionts are influenced by thallus morphology.

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Effects of biological soil crusts on some physicochemical characteristics of rangeland soils of Alagol, Turkmen Sahra, NE Iran

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

The effects of biocrusts on soil parameters in a semi-arid pediment at north-eastern Iran

The effects of biocrusts on soil parameters in a semi-arid pediment at north-eastern Iran

Halophilic Algal Communities in Biological Soil Crusts Isolated From Potash Tailings Pile Areas

Symbiotic microalgal diversity within lichenicolous lichens and crustose hosts on Iberian Peninsula gypsum biocrusts

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