Effects of bentonite loading on curing characteristics, tensile, thermal and morphological properties of bentonite-filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites

Ismail, Hanafi; Lotfi, Muhamad Nadhli Amin; Othman, Nadras

doi:10.1080/14328917.2018.1457840

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In Figure 5, the maximum torque (MH) of the NBR/Bt and CB increasing proportionally with the increasing of filler. This indicates that the incorporation of filler has restricted the mobility of the rubber chain which resulted in a stiffer rubber composite [27]. At similar filler loading, the value of ML and MH of NBR/CB is higher than NBR/Bt composites.…”

Section: Curing Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparative Study of Bentonite Filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber and Carbon Black Filled NBR Composites Properties

Amin

Ismail

Nadras

2018

IJAME

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This paper determines the potential of bentonite to replace the commonly used carbon black as filler in synthetic rubber composite product. Thus, the study made by comparing the results of curing, tensile thermal and morphological properties of bentonite and carbon black filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites. The result of the tensile strength (TS), modulus at 100 % elongation (M100) and modulus at 300 % elongation (M300) for both bentonite (Bt) and carbon black (CB) filled NBR composites increased as the filler loading increased. The elongation at break (Eb) for Bt followed the same trend but not for NBR/CB composites. At similar filler loading, CB filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites demonstrated higher TS, M100, M300, and Eb compared to the Bt filled NBR composites. As the filler loading increased, the swelling percentage decreased for both types of fillers. However, at similar filler loading, the swelling percentage of CB filled NBR (NBR/CB) is lower than the Bt filled NBR (NBR/Bt). Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the tensile fractured surface of NBR/CB composites exhibits better filler dispersion and more tear lines compared to the NBR/Bt composites.

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Section: Curing Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparative Study of Bentonite Filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber and Carbon Black Filled NBR Composites Properties

Amin

Ismail

Nadras

2018

IJAME

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“…In this process, selection of an efficient photocatalyst is important. Bentonite (BT) as one of the clays possesses certain properties such as low cost, high mechanical and chemical stability, availability, affordability, ion-exchange capability, and environmentally friendly nature, which make it an ultimate choice as the catalyst support. − The photoreduction/removal efficiency strongly depends on the catalyst physical features such as band gaps . Therefore, for improving the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes on BT and its activity in the UV region, its modification is very necessary .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoreduction and Removal of Cadmium Ions over Bentonite Clay-Supported Zinc Oxide Microcubes in an Aqueous Solution

2020

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Cadmium ion is toxic to organisms and shows persistence because of its nondegradability. Photoreduction of the cadmium ion (Cd(II)) was studied using a bentonite-supported Zn oxide (ZnO/BT) photocatalyst in an aqueous medium under ultraviolet light. The prepared ZnO/BT photocatalyst was characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller/Barrett–Joyner–Halenda analysis. The effects of main parameters including pH, contact time, initial concentration of cadmium(II) ion, light intensity, temperature, and the photocatalyst dosage were investigated for obtaining appreciate reduction/removal efficiency. The maximum reduction/removal efficiency of 74.8% was obtained at optimized values which were found to be at pH 5, 6 h contact time, 6 ppm Cd(II) ion, 200 W UV light, 45 °C temperature, and 4 g/L of ZnO/BT. Reduction/removal of Cd(II) was significantly affected by light intensity so that the increment in UV intensity from 0 to 200 increased the reduction/removal efficiency from 61.2 to 76.8%. This study reports an inexpensive and environmentally friendly photocatalyst for Cd2+ reduction in real samples and prospective photoelectric materials.

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“…Mouri [2] differentiated non-black fillers according to function: reinforcing, diluent, or those adding special traits like color, electrical conductivity, flame resistance, etc. Aside from physical reinforcement, non-black fillers also affect other important properties of rubber composites such as vulcanization characteristics and heat aging resistance [3,4,[16][17][18][19]. Analysis of material properties is usually performed in a univariate approach, where each property is investigated separately from the others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of non-black fillers in rubber composites using linear discriminant analysis of principal components

Pajarito

2019

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials

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In the compounding of rubber composites, different non-black fillers are used to improve the physical properties, reduce the formulation cost, and provide special characteristics. Designing a rubber composite for a specific application needs the careful selection and differentiation of fillers based on its effect on processibility and overall material properties of the vulcanizate. However, fillers are usually classified according to their effect on reinforcement or function without much consideration to other properties such as vulcanization characteristics and heat aging resistance. Analyses of multiple properties are tedious when done in a univariate way. To differentiate non-black fillers with consideration to the various properties of rubber composites, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of principal components (PCs) was used. This paper examines how vulcanization and mechanical properties can differentiate aluminosilicate, bentonite, and silica fillers in rubber composites.Aluminosilicate and silica were effectively differentiated frombentonite using the vulcanization characteristics and mechanical properties of rubber composites before heat aging. Better differentiation among the 3 non-black fillers was achieved when the mechanical properties of rubber composites after heat aging were included in the PC analysis. LDA required at least 6 PCs to correctly classify the non-black filler in 30 rubber composites.

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Effects of bentonite loading on curing characteristics, tensile, thermal and morphological properties of bentonite-filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Comparative Study of Bentonite Filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber and Carbon Black Filled NBR Composites Properties

Comparative Study of Bentonite Filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber and Carbon Black Filled NBR Composites Properties

Photoreduction and Removal of Cadmium Ions over Bentonite Clay-Supported Zinc Oxide Microcubes in an Aqueous Solution

Differentiation of non-black fillers in rubber composites using linear discriminant analysis of principal components

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