Effects of Behavioural State on Visual Processing in Neonates

Apkarian, Patricia; Mirmiran, M.; Tijssen, Robert

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1071422

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although there are some limiting factors since we have not used monitoring methods, we found a significant influence of the sleep-wakefulness cycle on the latency and amplitude of the major positive component of the F-VEP of the newborn. Our results are in agreement with the finding of Montes-Brown and Apkarian [18,42] who found significant differences in latency and amplitude in awake infants, and with Shepherd et al [43] with respect to the latency of P2 component. In summary, we have focused on the study of the most consistent components of the F-VEP early in life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 96%

Flash Visually Evoked Potentials in the Newborn and their Maturation During the First Six Months of Life

et al. 2005

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The aim of this paper has been to obtain normative data for the major components of the visually evoked potentials obtained by flash stimulus (F-PEV) in the newborn, and to analyse the evolution of these responses during the first 24 weeks of life. In order to do so, F-VEP were recorded in 109 normal full-term newborn infants. Fifty-five of these infants were also studied longitudinally at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks. We recorded responses in all newborns. A great morphological variability was observed. P2 was the only component present in all of these infants. Early components, which were always present from the fourth week of life on, were recorded in 34% of the newborns. There were significant differences according to waking/sleep state. At 24 weeks the most characteristic response was a triphasic waveform with clear negative-positive-negative components at 67.9, 110 and 158.3 ms. The morphological variability observed in the F-PEV of the newborn and the presence of early components in some cases, suggest differences in the maturation of the specific and unspecific visual system at birth. The study of these responses provides us with information about certain aspects of visual maturation. The relative stability of P2 response of the newborn and of the early negative components later on, made them the most useful components to be used in paediatric clinical work . The latency of P2 in the newborn is the parameter that showed lower variability, and therefore the most suitable one to establish normative data.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 96%

Flash Visually Evoked Potentials in the Newborn and their Maturation During the First Six Months of Life

et al. 2005

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“…According to the literature there are no clear evidences about the influence of the sleep–wakefulness cycle on the amplitude and latency of evoked potentials in newborns and infants. While several studies reported no differences between ERs recorded in infant during sleep and awake time, for both auditory and visual modalities (Barnet, 1966; Baitch and Levi, 1988; van Sweden et al, 1994) more recent work showed lower amplitudes and longer latencies for P2-N3 in sleep compared to the awake condition (Apkarian et al, 1991; Mercuri et al, 1995; Shepherd et al, 1999; Benavente et al, 2005). This issue should be addressed in future fMEG studies by identifying sleep/awake states of fetuses and neonates and by investigating their influence on habituation of cortical responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Habituation of visual evoked responses in neonates and fetuses: A MEG study

Matuz

Govindan

Preißl

et al. 2012

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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In this study we aimed to develop a habituation paradigm that allows the investigation of response decrement and response recovery and examine its applicability for measuring the habituation of the visually evoked responses (VERs) in neonatal and fetal magnetoencephalographic recordings. Two paradigms, one with a long and one with a short inter-train interval (ITI), were developed and tested in separate studies. Both paradigms consisted of a train of four light flashes; each train being followed by a 500 Hz burst tone. Healthy pregnant women underwent two prenatal measurements and returned with their babies for a neonatal investigation. The amplitudes of the neonatal VERs in the long-ITI condition showed within-train response decrement. An increased response to the auditory dishabituator was found confirming response recovery. In the short-ITI condition, neonatal amplitude decrement could not be demonstrated while response recovery was present. In both ITI conditions, the response rate of the cortical responses was much lower in the fetuses than in the neonates. Fetal VERs in the long-ITI condition indicate amplitude decline from the first to the second flash with no further decrease. The long-ITI paradigm might be useful to investigate habituation of the VERs in neonates and fetuses, although the latter requires precaution.

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“…Although our recordings were performed in awake infants, we found similar optimal stimulus frequencies. Apkarian et al found that flash VEP recordings during sleep differed from those of alert infants with longer peak latencies and smaller amplitudes [2], although longer peak latencies but larger amplitudes have also been reported [36]. Apkarian later observed that the CFF of VEPs was attenuated during sleep, most probably not due to the eye closure, but due to alterations in brain activity in different arousal states [1].…”

Section: Maturation Of Temporal Processing-development Of Flicker Vepsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Maturation of steady-state flicker VEPs in infants: fundamental and harmonic temporal response frequencies

et al. 2008

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Transient flash VEPs allow objective assessment of visual function and are easily recorded in young infants. However, due to their high variability, they are an insensitive surrogate marker of visual development. The aim of our study was to investigate the early maturation of temporal characteristics of steady-state flicker VEPs. Data from 53 VEP sessions were analyzed in term-born infants between birth and 20 months of age. The stimulus was a square-wave modulated luminance flicker with 80% modulation depth at temporal frequencies of 4.7, 7.5, 12.5, and 19 Hz. A total of 18 healthy adults aged between 21 and 54 years served as controls. Contingent on the stimulus frequency, we found pronounced changes of the flicker VEP with age. Regression lines fit to the first harmonic VEP magnitude as a function of age between 3 and 88 weeks of age indicated increases at 7.5 (P = 0.004), 12.5 (P < 0.001), and 19 Hz (P = 0.07) and a non-significant decrease at 4.7 Hz (P = 0.3). The magnitude of the second harmonic increased for all frequencies (4.7 (P = 0.05), 7.5 (P = 0.01), 12.5 (P = 0.13), and 19 Hz (P = 0.18)). Over the whole infant age range, the flicker VEP was dominated by the first harmonic, in contrast to adults, where the response was typically shifted to a higher harmonic at low stimulus frequencies. The optimal stimulus frequency, defined as the frequency eliciting the highest magnitude for F1, shifted to higher rates with age. Due to the difference from adult responses, further developmental changes of the temporal properties must be assumed to occur after the age of 20 months. Changes in temporal characteristics of the flicker VEP with age may be useful as an indicator of visual system maturation and a useful tool to detect visual delay.

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Effects of Behavioural State on Visual Processing in Neonates

Cited by 48 publications

References 32 publications

Flash Visually Evoked Potentials in the Newborn and their Maturation During the First Six Months of Life

Flash Visually Evoked Potentials in the Newborn and their Maturation During the First Six Months of Life

Habituation of visual evoked responses in neonates and fetuses: A MEG study

Maturation of steady-state flicker VEPs in infants: fundamental and harmonic temporal response frequencies

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