Effects of bathing immediately after birth on early neonatal adaptation and morbidity: A prospective randomized comparative study

Nako, Yasushi; Harigaya, Akira; Tomomasa, Takeshi; Morikawa, Akihiro; Amada, M.; Kijima, Chie; Tsukagoshi, Seiko

doi:10.1046/j.1442-200x.2000.01282.x

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Previous studies on preterm infants mainly concentrated on the effect of skin care on clinical parameters, like infection rate and morbidity with minor focus on skin functional parameters, such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), surface acidity (pH) and skin surface lipids (sebum) [6,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal Maturation of Skin Barrier Function in Premature Infants

Kanti

Bonzel

Stroux

et al. 2014

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: In preterm infants, skin barrier maturation entails regional variability. Objectives: To characterize postnatal skin barrier development in covered, uncovered and diapered regions in healthy premature infants over a longitudinal observation period. Methods: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), pH and sebum were measured at postnatal ages of 1-7 days and 2-7 weeks on the forehead, abdomen, thigh and buttock of preterm infants (gestational age 30-37 weeks; n = 48) under monitored ambient conditions. A standard minimal skin care regimen was practised. Results: TEWL increased significantly on the buttock (p = 0.007), while remaining stable on the forehead, abdomen and thigh. SCH and sebum remained stable in all studied body regions with increasing age. On the buttock, pH increased (p = 0.049), while other body regions exhibited a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.019). TEWL (p < 0.001) and SCH (p ≤ 0.002) revealed significantly higher values on the buttock, compared to other body regions. Conclusions: Stable TEWL, SCH and sebum values may indicate a lack of skin barrier maturation. Postnatal decrease in skin pH suggests an adaptation process with acid mantle formation. Differences in skin barrier development were observed between anatomical regions. SCH, TEWL and pH values demonstrated a distinct course in the diaper area, indicating an impaired skin barrier function in this region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal Maturation of Skin Barrier Function in Premature Infants

Kanti

Bonzel

Stroux

et al. 2014

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…Regimens vary in frequency, use of cleansing agents, bathing or washing procedures, and age of first application [ 3,4 ]. Previous clinical studies on neonatal skin care procedures have mainly focused on investigating clinical parameters like body temperature, infection rate or morbidity [5][6][7] . Limited data are available about neonatal barrier function in the first weeks of life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Bathing or Washing on Skin Barrier Function in Newborns during the First Four Weeks of Life

Bartels

Mleczko

Schink

et al. 2009

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background and Objectives: After birth, skin barrier function is in state of flux and at risk of dysfunction. In a prospective clinical study, we compared the effects of 2 standard cleansing procedures on skin barrier function in newborns. Methods: Fifty-seven healthy full-term neonates aged ≤48 h were randomly assigned to either a bathing group (group B; n = 29), who were bathed with clear water twice weekly, or to a washing group (group W; n = 28), who were washed with a washcloth moistened with clear water twice weekly. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and sebum production were measured at days 2, 7 and 28 of life on the forehead, abdomen, upper leg and buttock. Results: Group B showed significantly lower TEWL on the buttock and higher SCH on the abdomen and forehead compared to group W at day 28. Conclusions: Both skin care regimens do not harm the adaptation of the skin barrier in healthy neonates within the first 4 weeks of life. Skin barrier function differentiates after birth in a regionally specific fashion.

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“…Expectedly, bathing in warm water (group 1) again leads to a more even temperature profile [9]. In contrast, all sites (group 2) or some regions (group 3; fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…As compensating mechanisms are limited in the neonate, environmental conditions may greatly influence body temperature. The risk of temperature loss is increased during manipulations, such as resuscitation, bathing, weighing, measuring or during transfer to a neonatal intensive-care unit [8,9,12]. Maintenance of a 'thermoneutral' environment is important not only to prevent the newborn infant from cold stress, but also to avoid overheating which has been reported to be associated with sudden infant death and severe hypoventilation [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared Thermography in Newborns: The First Hour after Birth

Christidis

Zotter²,

Rosegger³

et al. 2002

Gynäkol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch

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Objective: It was the aim of this study to investigate the surface temperature in newborns within the first hour after delivery. Furthermore, the influence of different environmental conditions with regard to surface temperature was documented. Methods: Body surface temperature was recorded under several environmental conditions by use of infrared thermography. 42 newborns, all delivered at term and with weight appropriate for date, were investigated under controlled conditions. Results: The surface temperature immediately after birth shows a uniform picture of the whole body; however, it is significantly lower than the core temperature. Soon after birth, peripheral sites become cooler whereas a constant temperature is maintained at the trunk. Bathing in warm water again leads to a more even temperature profile. Radiant heaters and skin-to-skin contact with the mother are both effective methods to prevent heat loss in neonates. Conclusions: Infrared thermography is a simple and reliable tool for the measurement of skin temperature profiles in neonates. Without the need of direct skin contact, it may be helpful for optimizing environmental conditions at delivery suites and neonatal intensive-care units.

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Effects of bathing immediately after birth on early neonatal adaptation and morbidity: A prospective randomized comparative study

Abstract: Early bathing, minutes after birth, did not appear to adversely affect the adaptation of healthy full-term and near-term newborn infants.

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Postnatal Maturation of Skin Barrier Function in Premature Infants

Postnatal Maturation of Skin Barrier Function in Premature Infants

Influence of Bathing or Washing on Skin Barrier Function in Newborns during the First Four Weeks of Life

Infrared Thermography in Newborns: The First Hour after Birth

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