Effects of Bamboo Salt with Sodium Fluoride on the Prevention of Dental Caries

Abstract

Background: Dental caries is one of several prevalent oral diseases caused by dental plaque biofilms. This study evaluated the anti-cariogenic effects of a bamboo salt (BS) and sodium fluoride (NaF) mixture on oral bacteria. Methods: The effects of several mixtures of NaF and BS on acid production, growth, and adhesion to glass beads of Streptococcus mutans, and their anti-cariogenic properties were investigated. The growth of S. mutans was measured according to optical density at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 hours after treatment using spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 600 nm, while pH was measured using a pH meter. Adhesion of S. mutans was measured according to the weight of glass beads from each group before and after incubation. Gene expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Acid production and growth patterns of S. mutans were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare adhesion, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Gene expression in the experimental and control samples was compared using the Student's t-test. Results: Growth, acid production, and adhesion of S. mutans were inhibited in all experimental groups. Expression of gft and fructosyltransferase in S. mutans was inhibited in all groups. A mixture of NaF and BS significantly reduced growth, acid production, adhesion, and gene expression of S. mutans compared with the other groups. Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that a mixture of NaF and BS was useful as a mouth rinse in preventing dental caries.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Herbal Toothpaste Containing Bamboo Salt: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…Various properties attributed to the cariogenesis of this microorganism including its growth, acid production, adherence to glass beads, and expression of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, and ftf genes were signi cantly restrained by the Bamboo salt and sodium uoride mixture. It was concluded that Bamboo salt and sodium uoride can synergically act in inhibiting the cariogenic potential of Streptococcus mutans [15], which is in line with the results of the present in-vivo study.…”

“…Regarding the antimicrobial e cacy of Bamboo salt toothpaste, a recent in-vitro study by Lee et al (2019) investigated the e cacy of Bamboo salt combined with sodium uoride on streptococcus mutans. Various properties attributed to the cariogenesis of this microorganism including its growth, acid production, adherence to glass beads, and expression of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, and ftf genes were signi cantly restrained by the Bamboo salt and sodium uoride mixture.…”

“…Bamboo salt is made by packing sea salt into bamboo tubes, plugging the ends with mud, and baking it on pine rewood. This method results in higher mineral content of calcium, potassium, copper, and zinc ions in Bamboo salt compared to sundried salts while maintaining its main ingredient, i.e., sodium chloride [14,15]. The rich mineral content in Bamboo salt and its high alkalinity (pH = 11.4) makes it a potent antioxidant [16].…”

“…Toothpastes containing Bamboo salt are proposed to reduce plaque and gingivitis, whiten teeth, decrease demineralization, decrease tooth hypersensitivity, and strengthen tooth enamel [17,18]. The antimicrobial e cacy of Bamboo salt on Streptococcus mutans has recently been observed in an in-vitro study [15]; however, its in-vivo e cacy on cariogenic microorganisms remains unknown.…”

Antibacterial effect of an herbal toothpaste containing Bamboo salt: a randomized double-blinded controlled clinical trial

“…Traditionally, Bamboo salt is made by packing sea salt in bamboo tubes, plugging the ends with mud, and baking it on pine firewood. This method results in higher mineral content of calcium, potassium, copper, and zinc ions in Bamboo salt compared to sun-dried salts while maintaining its main ingredient, i.e., sodium chloride [20,21]. Mineral-rich Bamboo salt is highly alkaline (pH = 11.4), making for its potent antioxidant action [22].…”