Effects of ball-to-powder weight ratio on the performance of LiFePO4/C prepared by wet-milling assisted carbothermal reduction

Low-Cost Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by Wet Ball Milling

“…A broad range for this parameter is reported in the literature for various materials (from 1 to 220). 38 , 65 , 66 By keeping the number of balls constant and changing the amount of material, the ball-to-material ratio was varied from 21.7 to 167 ( Figure S1 ). The optimal ball-to-material weight ratio was found to be 80 [∼10 balls (4 mm) and 15 balls (5 mm), 0.035 mmol CsPbBr 3 (0.04 mmol for FAPbBr 3 ), 0.1 g of OAmBr, 0.4 mL of mesitylene], yielding PL fwhm = 27 nm for CsPbBr 3 NCs (PL peak at 510 nm) after 2 h of milling.…”

Carbothermal synthesis of metal-functionalized nanostructures for energy and environmental applications

“…160 These properties depend on the wet-milling parameters, including ball-to-powder ratio, stirrer speed, ball milling time, ball diameter, solids concentration, and the amounts and types of organic additives. Lv et al 161 synthesized LiFePO 4 /C using wet-milling-assisted carbothermal reduction, and studied how the ball-to-powder ratio affected its structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance. The particle sizes of LiFePO 4 /C could be adjusted by changing the ball-to-powder weight ratio.…”

“…When the ball-to-powder weight ratio reached 25 : 1, the sample exhibited the highest discharge capacity (155 mA h g À1 at 0.5 C and 125 mA h g À1 at 10 C) and excellent capacity retention aer 100 cycles at room temperature, which is attributed to a reduction of particle size to nanometer scale, narrower particle size distribution, the network of carbon coating the active material, and reduced electrochemical polarization resistance. 161 Then, they successfully synthesized bowl-like mesoporous LiFePO 4 /C composites by a wet-milling/spray-drying carbothermal reduction method that used FePO 4 $2H 2 O as the iron source and starch as the carbon source and reducing agent with a bowl-like mesoporous structure. 162 Moreover, the resulting bowl-like LiFePO 4 /C composites consist of carbon-coated nanoparticles along with an interconnected open mesoporous microstructure, which provides more channels for the rapid diffusion of lithium (Li) ions and prevents aggregation of LiFePO 4 particles during charging and discharging processes.…”

Ultrasound assisted wet stirred media mill of high concentration LiFePO4 and catalysts

“…Wet media milling is superior to other micro‐manufacture technologies to achieve sub‐micron particles particularly with respect to the energy input ,. LFP from wet media milling has higher charge‐discharge capacity, a better cycle lifetime, and shorter processing time compared to dry milling ,. Pharmaceutical, food technology, mining, and catalyst manufacture are among the industries that apply this technology .…”