Effects of Bahir Dar Textile Factory Effluents on the Water Quality of the Head Waters of Blue Nile River, Ethiopia

Mehari, Abrehet Kahsay; Gebremedhin, S; Ayele, Belayneh

doi:10.1155/2015/905247

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Dissolved oxygen is probably the most important parameter in natural surface water systems for determining the health of aquatic ecosystems (Yang et al 2007). The average value (6.48 mg l −1 ) of DO in Awash River was very similar to the mean DO value (6.62 mg l −1 ) from Blue Nile River, Ethiopia (Abrehet et al 2015), but considerably higher than the mean DO value (1 mg l −1 ) from Modjo River, Ethiopia (Abrha et al 2015), from Mahanadi River, India (4.58 mg l −1 ) (Rout et al 2016), from Ngong River, Kenya (4.35 mg l −1 ) (Mobegi et al 2016).…”

Section: Seasonal and Spatial Variation In Physicochemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 51%

Spatial and seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Awash River, Ethiopia

Eliku

Leta

2018

Appl Water Sci

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Awash River, one of the major rivers in Ethiopia which originate from the central highland area, crosses different extended agricultural farms as well as various industries which receives large effluents from different sources. Nineteen physicochemical parameters, as well as heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni), were quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy in eight different sampling stations of Awash River. There was a significant spatial variation (p < 0.05) in average NO 3-N, NH 4-N, TN, BOD and COD values in Awash River. There is a strong and positive correlation between (pH and EC, r = 0.805), (WT and BOD, r = 0.774), (NO 3-N and NO 2-N, r = 0.901), (NO 3-N and TN, r = 0.906), (NO 3-N and TP, 0.830), (NH 4-N and TN, r = 0.876), (NH 4-N and COD, r = 0.848), (TN and TP, r = 0.819), (TN and COD, r = 0.941) during dry season and also between (WT and BOD, r = 0.704), (turbidity and NO 3-N, r = 0.749), (turbidity and NO 2-N, r = 0.722), (NO 3-N and NO 2-N, r = 0.921), (TP and COD, r = 0.789) during wet season. The results showed that the mean concentrations of metals ranked (high to low) Fe > Cr > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd > Ni during dry season, whereas the concentration of heavy metals during wet season was in the following order of decreasing magnitude Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni. Buffer zones should be protected in order to control soil and agricultural nutrients from entering to Awash River. Moreover, industries at the upper stream area should be properly and adequately treat the wastewater before discharging to the Modjo as well as Awash River.

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Section: Seasonal and Spatial Variation In Physicochemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 51%

Spatial and seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Awash River, Ethiopia

Eliku

Leta

2018

Appl Water Sci

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“…Reduced DO is due to higher levels of TDS in the water. Decreased DO levels can be indicative of a large number bacteria and an excess amount of biological oxygen demand (BOD) due to untreated sewage, organic discharges and anoxic discharges, which deplete DO [ 36 , 37 ]. Total Dissolved Solids are known to facilitates parasite proliferation [ 17 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of pathogenic free-living amoeba and other protozoa in natural and communal piped tap water from Queen Elizabeth protected area, Uganda

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPathogenic water dwelling protozoa such as Acanthamoeba spp., Hartmannella spp., Naegleria spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. are often responsible for devastating illnesses especially in children and immunocompromised individuals, yet their presence and prevalence in certain environment in sub-Saharan Africa is still unknown to most researchers, public health officials and medical practitioners. The objective of this study was to establish the presence and prevalence of pathogenic free-living amoeba (FLA), Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Queen Elizabeth Protected Area (QEPA).MethodsSamples were collected from communal taps and natural water sites in QEPA. Physical water parameters were measured in situ. The samples were processed to detect the presence of FLA trophozoites by xenic cultivation, Cryptosporidium oocysts by Ziehl-Neelsen stain and Giardia cysts by Zinc Sulphate floatation technique. Parasites were observed microscopically, identified, counted and recorded. For FLA, genomic DNA was extracted for amplification and sequencing.ResultsBoth natural and tap water sources were contaminated with FLA, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. All protozoan parasites were more abundant in the colder rainy season except for Harmannella spp. and Naegleria spp. which occurred more in the warmer months. The prevalence of all parasites was higher in tap water than in natural water samples. There was a strong negative correlation between the presence of Acanthamoeba spp., Hartmannella spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. with Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (P < 0.05). The presence of Cryptosporidium spp. showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) with conductivity, pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS); whereas the presence of Giardia spp. had only a strong positive correlation with TDS. Molecular genotyping of FLA produced 7 Acanthamoeba, 5 Echinamoeba, 2 Hartmannella, 1 Bodomorpha, 1 Nuclearia and 1 Cercomonas partial sequences.ConclusionsAll water collection sites were found to be contaminated with pathogenic protozoa that could possibly be the cause of a number of silent morbidities and mortalities among rural households in QEPA. This implies that water used by communities in QEPA is of poor quality and predisposes them to a variety of protozoan infections including the FLA whose public health importance was never reported, thus necessitating adoption of proper water safety measures.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0162-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Two-third of the households in Bahir Dar discharge waste into streets and floodwater drainages, which ultimately end up into Lake Tana or the Blue Nile River [50]. Besides household waste, the waste also originates from major institutions and industries including universities, factories, hotels, floriculture and hospitals which discharge their untreated waste into Lake Tana [51].…”

Section: Urbanization and Waste Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

A Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Responses Framework to Support the Sustainability of Fish and Fisheries in Lake Tana, Ethiopia

et al. 2018

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Lake Tana, Ethiopia's largest lake, has a remarkable and conservation-worthy assemblage of fish species, requiring fisheries management for sustainable exploitation. However, due to anthropogenic impacts, many of these fish species are threatened. Hence, an improved management of these resources is recommended. To allow a more sustainable exploitation of natural resources, a better understanding of the cause-effect relationships between anthropogenic impacts and environmental components is fundamental. The Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Responses (DPSIR) framework is a useful tool to describe these links in a meaningful way to managers and policy makers. Despite its potential, application of DPSIR is virtually lacking in developing countries. This paper assessed the potential of the DPSIR framework and used it to comprehensively describe the available knowledge and management needs in the lake catchment. Rapid population growth and the economic transformation are the main driving forces leading to various pressures such as water quality and wetlands degradation as well as declining fish community, which is detrimental to the socio-economic state and health of the local inhabitants. As feedback to the driving forces, pressures, state changes and impacts, optimal multi-level responses are developed. This study aims at providing policy makers a better understanding of the lake catchment in order to bridge the gap between science and decision-making.

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Effects of Bahir Dar Textile Factory Effluents on the Water Quality of the Head Waters of Blue Nile River, Ethiopia

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial and seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Awash River, Ethiopia

Spatial and seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Awash River, Ethiopia

Prevalence of pathogenic free-living amoeba and other protozoa in natural and communal piped tap water from Queen Elizabeth protected area, Uganda

A Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Responses Framework to Support the Sustainability of Fish and Fisheries in Lake Tana, Ethiopia

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