Effects of bacterial endotoxin on the ciliary activity in the in vitro eustachian tube

Ōhashi, Y.; Nakai, Yousuke; Ikeoka, Hiroshi; Koshimo, Hiroyuki; Esaki, Yusuke; Kato, Shoko

doi:10.1007/bf00458553

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…When LPS was added directly to the ciliated cells, there was no change in CBF. A series of earlier in vivo studies from Ohashi et al (32)(33)(34) showed ciliary dysfunction of the middle ear and eustachian tube associated with LPS exposure in a dose-dependent fashion. Exposures to the middle ear led to otitis media with effusion in their animal model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Inhaled Endotoxin on Mucociliary Clearance and Airway Inflammation in Mild Smokers and Nonsmokers

Bennett

Alexis

Almond³

et al. 2014

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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Background: In healthy nonsmokers, inhaled endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] challenge induces airway neutrophilia and modifies innate immune responses, but the effect on mucociliary clearance (MCC), a key host defense response, is unknown. Although smokers are chronically exposed to LPS through inhaled tobacco smoke, the acute effect of inhaled LPS on both MCC and airway inflammation is also unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inhaled LPS on MCC in nonsmokers and mild smokers with normal pulmonary function. Methods:We performed an open-label inhalational challenge with 20,000 endotoxin units in healthy adult nonsmokers (n¼18) and young adult, mild smokers (n¼12). At 4 hr post LPS challenge, we measured MCC over a period of 2 hr, followed by sputum induction to assess markers of airway inflammation. Results: No significant changes in spirometry occurred in either group following LPS challenge. Following LPS, MCC was significantly ( p < 0.05) slowed in nonsmokers, but not in smokers [MCC¼10 -9% (challenge) vs. 15 -8% (baseline), MCC¼14 -9% (challenge) vs. 16 -10% (baseline), respectively]. Both groups showed a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in sputum neutrophils 6 hr post LPS challenge versus baseline. Although there was no correlation between the increased neutrophilia and depressed MCC post LPS in the nonsmokers, baseline neutrophil concentration predicted the LPS-induced decrease in MCC in the nonsmokers, i.e., lower baseline neutrophil concentration was associated with greater depression in MCC with LPS challenge ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: These data show that a mild exposure to endotoxin acutely slows MCC in healthy nonsmokers. MCC in mild smokers is unaffected by mild endotoxin challenge, likely due to preexisting effects of cigarette smoke on their airway epithelium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Inhaled Endotoxin on Mucociliary Clearance and Airway Inflammation in Mild Smokers and Nonsmokers

Bennett

Alexis

Almond³

et al. 2014

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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“…This pulmonary cleansing mechanism depends upon the interaction of 2 main factors: the ciliary beating activity of the epithelial cells and the physical properties of the bronchial secretions. Several bronchial diseases, such as chronic bronchitis and asthma, result in destruction of the ciliated epithelium or in abnormal mucus production that precludes normal ciliary function, or both [8,10,18,19,22,26]. Drugs used in the treatment of respiratory diseases often influence this functional unit of the bronchopulmonary tract in different ways [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of azelastine and some selected drugs on mucociliary clearance

U¹,

Saano

Minker³

et al. 1992

Lung

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The effect of azelastine and some selected compounds on ciliary beating frequency (CBF) was investigated in vitro using human mucosal samples and in vivo using anesthetized guinea pigs. Further influence of azelastine on mucus secretion was evaluated in mice and on mucociliary clearance in anesthetized rabbits. Azelastine influenced the ciliary beating frequency neither in vitro nor in vivo. Azelastine, similarly to salbutamol, ambroxol, and bromhexine, increased mucus secretion measured by the tracheal output of phenol red. Azelastine dose-dependently enhanced mucociliary clearance measured by elimination of 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes in rabbits. The activity of azelastine proved to be about 10 times stronger than that of bromhexine. Since the ciliary activity remained unchanged under the influence of azelastine, it is likely that azelastine increases the mucociliary clearance by enhancing bronchial secretion. It is possible that the observed increase in mucociliary clearance may contribute to the beneficial effect of azelastine in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

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“…Hier sind es vor allem die oft undekiarierten Konservierungsstoffe und weniger die alphasympathikomimetischen Agenzien, die eine toxische Wirkung entfalten (6). (1,3,4,6,9,10,12,13,14). Da diese Methodiken meist einen groIen und komplizierten Aufwand an Technik erfordern, konnten klinische Aspekte bisher weniger berucksichtigt werden.…”

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