Effects of Bacillus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. combination as a water additive on the culture pond water and growth performance of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus polyphekadion)

Abstract

The individual Probiotic application has become increasingly widespread in aquaculture and has been extensively studied. However, investigating probiotics as water additives in the grouper culture is still lacking. This study evaluated the functional efficacy of the Bacillus subtilis CICC 10071 (3 × 1011 CFU / g) and Lactobacillus sp. (8 × 1011 CFU / g) combination in a 1:1 ratio on the rearing water quality, water microbial community structure, and growth performance of hybrid grouper. Depending on the additive concentrations of probiotics, we designed four groups, each in triplicate: control (WT, 0g/m3), low concentration (WL, 0.038g/m3), middle concentration (WM, 0.075g/m3), and high concentration (WH, 0.113g/m3). The result shows that throughout the 22-day feeding period, the water supplementation of probiotics significantly decreased Ammonia (NH3) and nitrite (NO2-) in culture water. Final weight (FW), Specific growth rate (SGR), and Weight gain rate (WGR) in treated groups were higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Analysis of water microbiota revealed that the dominant phylum Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria enriched in the culture water. Furthermore, we found that the Probiotics combination could significantly reduce the abundance of Cetobacterium (phyla Fusobacteria) related to ammonia and nitrite. The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUSt2) also shows that the 'metabolism of other amino acids and ‘Fatty acid biosynthesis’ functions of water microbiota were reinforced by the addition of the probiotic combination. Thus, the probiotic combination exhibited a range of advantages in the grouper culture environment, and further in-depth studies are needed.

Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei to increase growth performance and immune system of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) due to Aeromonas hydrophila infection

“…Groups of Lactobacillus and Bacillus bacteria have often been used as ingredients for the production of probiotics in aquaculture. These two genera have been proven to have beneficial effects such as increasing skin mucus production, lysozyme activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and protease activity [35], increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes [36], increasing growth, water quality [37], and improving the immune and digestive systems [38]. In addition, the use of probiotics can increase the protein content of fish feed [39].…”

“…and Lactobacillus spp. can improve water quality in hybrid grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus polyphekadion) by direct administration to water [37].…”

Effect of Moringa oleifera, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Microbiota in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…The elements and nutrient composition of the feed are depicted in Table 1. We determined that the appropriate amount of MO to be added to the diet was 10%, and the concentration of Ba to be added to the diet was 1 × 10 7 CFU/g [22][23][24][25]. Soybean oil and wheat flour were adjusted accordingly.…”

“…Apart from different species, variations in microbial communities can also be found in different environments. Currently, many experiments are now investigating the impact of probiotics added to feed [23] or used as water additives [24] on microbial community structure, but the interaction between environmental microbiota and fish microbiota has yet to receive sufficient attention in the current literature. Here, to determine whether MO and Ba have an effect on microbiota, we compared the microbial structure of experimental pond water samples and Nile tilapia intestinal samples by using high-throughput sequencing.…”