Effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of weaned pigs

Mun, Daye; Kyoung, Hyunjin; Kong, Myunghwan; Ryu, Sangdon; Jang, Ki Beom; Baek, Ji-Hye; Park, Kyeong Il; Song, Minho; Kim, Young-Hoon

doi:10.5187/jast.2021.e109

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The dietary supplementations with B. subtilis and B. licheniformis were expected more effective in weanling pigs than in growing pigs where they are under the development or impairment of gut microbiota [ 41 ]. Similar to our results, the study of Mun et al [ 42 ] showed a tendency to improve digestibility of CP with supplementation of B. licheniformis and B. subtilis complex in weanling pigs. Lee et al [ 30 ] also reported the positive effects on ATTD of DM and CP in weanling pigs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of different Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis ratios on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and gas emissions of growing pigs

Kim¹,

Cho²,

Song³

et al. 2022

J Anim Sci Technol

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different mixing ratios of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis in diets on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and odor gas emissions of growing pigs. A total of four crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) barrows with average body weight (BW) of 41.2 ± 0.7 kg were randomly allotted four diets over four periods in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were as follows: Control (CON, basal diet), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L4S6, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 4:6 ratio), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L5S5, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 5:5 ratio), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L6S4, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 6:4 ratio). Dietary probiotic supplementation showed higher crude protein (CP) digestibility values and lower Escherichia coli counts in fecal samples than the CON group ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in NH 3 or H 2 S emission until day 3. The positive effect of H 2 S and NH 3 emissions was detected earlier with the L4S6 and L5S5 compared to the L6S4, which had a lower ratio of B. subtilis . Both the L4S6 and L5S5 probiotic complexes significantly decreased the fecal H 2 S and NH 3 emission in days 4 and 6 ( p < 0.05). On day 7, all probiotic complexes decreased ( p < 0.05) H 2 S and NH 3 emissions than the CON group. Our results agreed that the dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis complexes in growing pigs can significantly improve CP digestibility and reduce fecal E. coli counts, NH 3 and H 2 S emissions. Notably, the higher mixing ratio of Bacillus subtilis in probiotic supplementation is more effective in reducing the odor of manure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of different Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis ratios on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and gas emissions of growing pigs

Kim¹,

Cho²,

Song³

et al. 2022

J Anim Sci Technol

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“…Since the ban on the use of antibiotics as animal growth promoters, the use of probiotics in livestock production has been steadily on the rise [12,13]. In swine production, the most common probiotic species used are Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Saccharomyces [16,[164][165][166]. To date, there is abundant evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of probiotics on swine health and growth.…”

Section: Influence Of Probiotics Supplementation On Mi-crobial Metabo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome-produced metabolites in pigs: a review on their biological functions and the influence of probiotics

Vasquez¹,

Oh²,

Song³

et al. 2022

J Anim Sci Technol

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The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that contains a large number of microorganisms with different metabolic capacities. Modulation of the gut microbiome can improve the growth and promote health in pigs. Crosstalk between the host, diet, and the gut microbiome can influence the health of the host, potentially through the production of several metabolites with various functions. Short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, polyamines, indoles, and phenolic compounds are metabolites produced by the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome can also produce neurotransmitters (such as γ-aminobutyric acid, catecholamines, and serotonin), their precursors, and vitamins. Several studies in pigs have demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in improving growth performance and feed efficiency, alleviating stress, and providing protection from pathogens. The use of probiotics is one of the strategies employed to target the gut microbiome of pigs. Promising results have been published on the use of probiotics in optimizing pig production. This review focuses on the role of gut microbiome-derived metabolites in the performance of pigs and the effects of probiotics on altering the levels of these metabolites.

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“…Chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3, 2 g/kg) was added to the diets as an indigestible marker to measure digestibility [12]. Pigs were fed diets mixed with chromium oxide for 4 consecutive days from d 4 and d 11, fresh excreta samples were collected in that period.…”

Section: Nutrient Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytogenic feed additives alleviate pathogenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal damage through improving barrier integrity and inhibiting inflammation in weaned pigs

Chang

Song

Lee

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background This study was conducted to investigate the effects of each phytogenic feed additive (PFA; PFA1, bitter citrus extract; PFA2, a microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol; PFA3, a mixture of bitter citrus extract, thymol, and carvacrol; PFA4, a premixture of grape seed, grape marc extract, green tea, and hops; PFA5, fenugreek seed powder) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and immune response in weaned pigs infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results A total of 63 4-week-old weaned pigs were placed in individual metabolic cages and assigned to seven treatment groups. The seven treatments were as follows: 1) NC; basal diet without E. coli challenge, 2) PC; basal diet with E. coli challenge, 3) T1; PC + 0.04% PFA1, 4) T2; PC + 0.01% PFA2, 5) T3; PC + 0.10% PFA3, 6) T4; PC + 0.04% PFA4, 7) T5; PC + 0.10% PFA5. The experiments lasted in 21 d, including 7 d before and 14 d after the first E. coli challenge. In the E. coli challenge treatments, all pigs were orally inoculated by dividing a total of 10 mL of E. coli F18 for 3 consecutive days. The PFA-added groups significantly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain and feed efficiency and decreased (P < 0.05) the fecal score at d 0 to 14 post-inoculation (PI). Tumor necrosis factor α was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the PFA-added groups except for T1 in d 14 PI compared to the PC treatment. The T3 had a higher (P < 0.05) immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A concentration compared to the PC treatment at d 7 PI. Also, T3 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) villus height:crypt depth and claudin 1 expression in ileal mucosa, and significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of calprotectin compared to the PC treatment. Conclusions Supplementation of PFA in weaned pigs challenged with E. coli alleviated the negative effects of E. coli and improved growth performance. Among them, the mixed additive of bitter citrus extract, thymol, and carvacrol showed the most effective results, improving immune response, intestinal morphology, and expression of tight junctions.

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Effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of weaned pigs

Abstract: Effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of weaned pigs Running Title (within 10 words)Effects of dietary probiotics on weaned pig health

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of different Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis ratios on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and gas emissions of growing pigs

Effects of different Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis ratios on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and gas emissions of growing pigs

Gut microbiome-produced metabolites in pigs: a review on their biological functions and the influence of probiotics

Phytogenic feed additives alleviate pathogenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal damage through improving barrier integrity and inhibiting inflammation in weaned pigs

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