Effects of Azelaic Acid on Proliferation and Ultrastructure of Mouse Keratinocytes in Vitro

Detmar, Michael; Mayer-da-Silva, Augusto; Stadler, Rudolf; Orfanos, Constantin E.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12277353

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Sebocytes were judged as undifferentiated (basal), early differentiated, ad vanced differentiated, fully differentiated and mature according to Tosti [20]. Parallel cultures grown on plastic Lux Thermanox cover slips (Miles Lab., Na perville, 111., USA) were processed for transmission electron microscopic examination, as previously de scribed [21], Growth characteristics of sebocytes were evaluated every 2-3 days after the seeding of 4 X 103 dispersed cells per square centimeter in triplicate 35-mm culture dishes (Falcon, Jersey, N.J., USA), incu bated at 37 °C with 5% COi, by cell counting and by determination of 3H-thymidine uptake into desoxyri bonucleic acid (DNA) [22,23]. The medium was changed every 3 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture of Human Sebocytes and Markers of Sebocytic Differentiation in vitro

Zouboulis

Xia

Detmar

et al. 1991

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Human sebocytes obtained as explants after in vitro culture of isolated sebaceous glands were recently shown to maintain in part a sebocytic differentiation. The aim of this study was to further identify markers of sebocytic differentiation in vitro. Therefore, the morphology of cultured human sebocytes, and their differentiation with lipid storing and expression of cellular proteins were investigated by microscopy, electron microscopy, study of cell kinetics, cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry, and were compared to cultured human keratinocytes obtained from the same skin specimens. At first, sebocytes in all stages of sebocytic differentiation were detected in vitro. Abundant cytoplasmic lipids and the absence of desmosomes were identified as their ultrastructural characteristics. Secondly, an increasing number of sebocytes storing lipids was detected during cell proliferation. Sebocytes contained up to 4 times more lipids than keratinocytes in vitro. Squalene and increased quantities of wax/sterol esters could be extracted from secondary sebocyte cultures. Thirdly, the monoclonal antibodies 6B10 (keratin 4), RPN1162 (keratin 7), and OM-1 labeled only sebocytes in vitro. Furthermore, sebocytes presented a marked expression of keratin 19 in comparison to keratinocytes, as detected with CK 4.62, and a lack of RPN1161 (keratins 1 and 2) expression, which was typically found to be expressed in cultured keratinocytes. The culture of human sebocytes possessing several characteristics of sebocytic differentiation in vivo offers unique possibilities in investigating direct effects on sebaceous cell growth, differentiation and their regulation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture of Human Sebocytes and Markers of Sebocytic Differentiation in vitro

Zouboulis

Xia

Detmar

et al. 1991

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…Azelaic acid is registered for mild acne. In vitro it has been shown to have antifungal and bacteriostatic properties, and to inhibit keratinocyte proliferation [22,24]. It is suggested that azelaic acid can have preventive properties in HS; however, this is based on clinical experience and no studies are available on its use in HS [22].…”

Section: Other Topical Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Medical Treatment Options for Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Deckers

Prens

2015

Drugs

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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent inflammatory nodules mostly located in the armpits and groin. Over the years multiple treatments for HS have been proposed; however, to date a cure is still lacking. In this update we provide an overview of most drug treatments reported on for HS, where possible with their mode of action and side effects. In mild cases, clindamycin lotion or resorcinol cream have proven effective. Tetracyclines are a first-line systemic option in more widespread or severe cases, followed by the combination of clindamycin and rifampicin. However, the recurrence rate is high after discontinuation of clindamycin plus rifampicin combination therapy. Long-term treatment with retinoids, especially acitretin is feasible, although teratogenicity has to be taken into account in females of reproductive age. Multiple antiinflammatory drugs have been suggested for HS, such as dapsone, fumarates or cyclosporine. However, their effectiveness in HS is based on small case series with varying results. If most common treatments have failed, biologics (e.g., infliximab or adalimumab) are the next step. Although not addressed in this review, surgical interventions are often needed to achieve remission. Key PointsHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease without a cure.Antibiotics (topical or oral) are often the first treatment option for HS.In cases of more extensive or therapy-resistant HS, biologicals (e.g., infliximab or adalimumab) are a good therapeutic option.

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“…Thymidine incorporation was assessed after 36 hours as previously described. 30 For apoptosis assays, 1 ϫ 10 4 cells were seeded into triplicate wells of 96-well plates in endothelial cell basal medium containing 2% fetal calf serum, and were treated with the above growth factors for 72 hours. Apoptosis rates were determined by the Cellular DNA Fragmentation ELISA kit (Roche, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Proliferation Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Vascular Lineage-Specific Genes by Transcriptional Profiling of Isolated Blood Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Hirakawa

Hong

Harvey

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Pathology

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410

398

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In mammals, the lymphatic vascular system develops by budding of lymphatic progenitor endothelial cells from embryonic veins to form a distinct network of draining vessels with important functions in the immune response and in cancer metastasis. However, the lineage-specific molecular characteristics of blood vascular versus lymphatic endothelium have remained poorly defined. We isolated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and blood vascular endothelial cells (BVECs) by immunomagnetic isolation directly from human skin. Cultured LECs but not BVECs expressed the lymphatic markers Prox1 and LYVE-1 and formed LYVE-1-positive vascular tubes after implantation in vivo. Transcriptional profiling studies revealed increased expression of several extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in BVECs, including versican, collagens, laminin, and N-cadherin, and of the growth factor receptors endoglin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1/Flt-1. Differential immunostains of human skin confirmed the blood vessel-specific expression of these genes. During embryonic development, endoglin expression was gradually down-regulated on lymphatic endothelium whereas vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 was absent from lymphatics. We also identified several genes with specific expression in LECs. These results demonstrate that some lineage-specific genes are only expressed during distinct developmental stages and they identify new molecular markers for blood vascular and lymphatic endothelium with im- The lymphatic system consists of a vascular network of thin-walled capillaries that drain protein-rich lymph from the extracellular spaces within most organs and that play major roles in the immune response and in tumor metastasis.1,2 Lymphatic vessels provide the conduit for antigen-presenting cells from the organ exposed to antigens to the regional lymph nodes, involving active recruitment of antigen-presenting cells by chemokines and other mediators secreted by lymphatic endothelium.3 Moreover, the early dissemination of malignant tumors frequently occurs via lymphatic vessels to regional lymph nodes, and the recent discovery of active tumor lymphangiogenesis and its role in cancer metastasis has drawn considerable attention to the molecular mechanisms that control activation and proliferation of lymphatic endothelium. 2,4

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Effects of Azelaic Acid on Proliferation and Ultrastructure of Mouse Keratinocytes in Vitro

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

Culture of Human Sebocytes and Markers of Sebocytic Differentiation in vitro

Culture of Human Sebocytes and Markers of Sebocytic Differentiation in vitro

An Update on Medical Treatment Options for Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Identification of Vascular Lineage-Specific Genes by Transcriptional Profiling of Isolated Blood Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

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