Effects of Automotive Test Parameters on Dry Friction Fiber-Reinforced Clutch Facing Surface Microgeometry and Wear—Part 2

Biczó, Roland; Kalácska, Gábor

doi:10.3390/polym14091757

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Two-shaft devices need clutches. One shaft (the driving member) is attached to a motor or other power unit, and the other shaft (the driven member) provides output power [1,2]. In the automotive industry, fiber-reinforced hybrid composites are the most commonly used dry-friction materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Allocation of Hybrid Composite Materials in Friction Disc Clutches

Abed

Naemah

Faris

2023

J. eng. sustain. dev.

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This study explains the design of a single-plate clutch using experimental measurements. The ratios of materials used to make the samples were 34g of Kevlar fiber (aramid 49 type), 150g of epoxy-type Sikadur-52, 10g of iron powder, and 10g of graphite powder. The three different sample types were made as laminates and cut using water cutter machinery according to the ASTM standard for each test. The following procedures were taken: The prepared mold was created first. Epoxy and the hardener were mixed in a 2:1 ratio. After that, the mixture was stirred well for a sufficient period of time. Then a quantity of the epoxy mixture was placed in the mold, and Kevlar fibers were placed in layers. The following ratios were used to create three samples: Sample 1 (34 g of Kevlar fiber, 150 g of epoxy), Sample 2 (34 g of Kevlar fiber, 150 g of epoxy, 10 g Fe), and Sample 3: Kevlar fiber (34 g), graphite (10 g), epoxy (150 g), and iron (10 g). The following facts have been found: When Kevlar fiber (aramid 49 type) was used at a weight of 34g for all samples, the best performance was achieved by hybrid composite sample3, which has the highest values (modulus of elasticity and higher wear resistance) in comparison to the other two composite samples (sample2 and sample1). In comparison to composite sample 1, the hybrid composite samples 2, and 3 have the highest value. (Tests for hardness).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Allocation of Hybrid Composite Materials in Friction Disc Clutches

Abed

Naemah

Faris

2023

J. eng. sustain. dev.

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“…Additional influential parameters include slip speed [13,15], normal load [13,15], and travelled distance [16], i.e., closing time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redesign of a Disc-on-Disc Computer Numerical Control Tribometer for a Wide-Range and Shudder-Resistant Operation

Hoić,

Hrgetić,

Kranjčević

et al. 2023

Machines

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The paper presents a redesign of the custom disc-on-disc-type tribometer intended for the experimental characterization of the friction and wear of automotive dry clutch friction lining. The redesign is aimed at expanding the operating range at which the machine is not sensitive to shudder vibrations. This is achieved through a set of hardware and software upgrade measures. First, the natural frequency of the normal load-generation linear axis of the machine is increased by enlarging its bending stiffness and reducing the suspended mass. The former is realized by replacing the single, two-axial force/torque piezoelectric sensor with a set of three three-axial piezoelectric force sensors, adding a set of stiff linear guides, and reducing the lengths of the cantilevers of lateral forces acting on the linear axis guide system. The latter is accomplished by reducing the overall dimensions of the cooling disc and redesigning the thermal insulation components. The shudder sensitivity resistance is further reduced through individual normal force-readings-based adjustment of parallelism between friction contact surfaces and the increase in the stiffness of eccentrically positioned water-cooling pipes. Finally, the stability of the coefficient of friction and, consequently, the wear process are boosted by adjusting the control routines to minimize the circumferential and/or radial temperature gradients. These adjustments include the introduction of a clutch lock-up interval at the end of the clutch closing cycle, a minimum cooling delay inserted between two closing cycles, and maximum normal force demand of the clutch torque controller. The performance gain of the upgraded tribometer is demonstrated through a study of the dry clutch friction plate static wear experimental characterization for a wide range of operating conditions.

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Effects of Automotive Test Parameters on Dry Friction Fiber-Reinforced Clutch Facing Surface Microgeometry and Wear—Part 3 Tribological Parameter Correlations and Simulation of Thermo-Mechanical Tribological Contact Behavior

Kalácska

Biczó

2023

Polymers

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Correlations among previously determined tribological properties, such as the coefficient of friction values, wear and surface roughness differences of hybrid composite dry friction clutch facings are revealed after pin-on-disk test apparatus examinations under three pv loads, where samples are cut from a reference, unused, and several differently aged and dimensioned, used—according to two different trends: dry friction fiber-reinforced hybrid composite clutch facings. In ‘normal use’ facings, increasing specific wear trend is detected as a function of activation energy according to a second-degree function, while a logarithmic trend line can be fitted to the values of the clutch killer facings, showing that even at low activation energy levels, significant (~3%) wear occurs. The specific wear rate also varies as a function of the radius of the friction facing, with the relative wear values measured on the working friction diameter being higher regardless of the usage trend. In terms of surface roughness variation measured in the radial direction, normal use facings show a varying roughness difference according to a third-degree function, while clutch killer facings follow a second-degree or logarithmic trend depending on the diameter (di or dw). From the statistical analysis of the steady-state, we find three different clutch engagement phase characterizing pv level pin-on-disk tribological test results for the specific wear of the clutch killer and normal use facings, and significantly different trend curves with three different sets of functions were obtained, showing that the wear intensity can be described as a function of the pv value and the friction diameter. In terms of radial direction surface roughness difference, the values of clutch killer and normal use samples can be described by three different sets of function showing the effects of the friction radius and pv.

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Effects of Automotive Test Parameters on Dry Friction Fiber-Reinforced Clutch Facing Surface Microgeometry and Wear—Part 2

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Retracted: Allocation of Hybrid Composite Materials in Friction Disc Clutches

Retracted: Allocation of Hybrid Composite Materials in Friction Disc Clutches

Redesign of a Disc-on-Disc Computer Numerical Control Tribometer for a Wide-Range and Shudder-Resistant Operation

Effects of Automotive Test Parameters on Dry Friction Fiber-Reinforced Clutch Facing Surface Microgeometry and Wear—Part 3 Tribological Parameter Correlations and Simulation of Thermo-Mechanical Tribological Contact Behavior

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