Effects of Atrazine-Phytobland Oil Combinations on¹⁴CO₂-Fixation and Transpiration

Abstract

Fixation of14CO2in corn (Zea maysL. ‘VPI 646’ or ‘VPI648′) and transpiration in corn and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Mere. ‘Lee’] following treatment with atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-isopropylamine-s-triazine] were reduced by the addition of phytobland petroleum oils to the treatment solutions. Inhibition of14CO2fixation increased with increasing rates of oil and (or) atrazine and decreased with time following treatment. Oil type (naphthenic versus paraffinic) and viscosity (70, 100, 150, and 200 sec) did not significantly affect14CO2fixation or transpiration; however, when applied alone or in combination with atrazine, the 100-sec viscosity oils tended to be the most inhibitory.

Adjuvant Effects on Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Haloxyfop-Methyl in Corn (Zea mays)

“…Stock solutions of 14 C-haloxyfop-methyl were prepared from uniformly phenyl ring-labeled herbicide (specific ac tivity 10.6 mCi/mM) dissolved in 100 jul acetone. Four stock treatment solutions were prepared by mixing commercially formulated haloxyfop-methyl (24.6% EC), 14 C-haloxyfopmethyl, and distilled water containing one of the following: a) no adjuvant (NONE), b) 0.1% oxysorbic (OXY) 4 , c) 1.0% petroleum oil concentrate (POC) containing 83% (v/v) paraffinic mineral oil and 17% (v/v) polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester 5 , or d) 1.0% (v/v) soybean oil concentrate (SBOC) containing 85% (v/v) refined soybean oil and 15% (v/v) emulsifier blend consisting of vegetable oil ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and polyethylene glycol 6 . The final herbicide concentration in each stock solution was 0.3 mM.…”

“…The use of phytobland oil-surfactant blends as spray adjuvants has become widespread within the past 20 yr. The extent to which herbicidal activity is affected by oilbased adjuvants depends upon several factors, including the herbicide, the adjuvant concentration, composition of oil in the adjuvant, and the species of plant to which the mixture is applied (5,6,7,17,18). There has been recent interest in the use of soybean oil as a replacement for petro leum oil in spray adjuvants and as a carrier solvent for ultralow-volume herbicide application.…”

Transpiration and Soil Water Usage by Oat as Affected by Postemergence Herbicides

“…Sharma et al, ( 1977) found that wild oat transpiration reductions were dependent on herbicide applied and rate of application. In all studies, the level of transpiration reduction was directly proportional to the rate applied (Friesen and Dew, 1967;Coats and Foy, 1974;Davis, 1978).…”

“…Minshall (1957Minshall ( , 1960 showed that monuron [N-(4chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea] treatment reduced transpiration rates of plants. Applications of atrazine [ 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N -( -1-methylet~yl)-1 ,3,5~tri~zine-2,4-diamine] to plants also result m transpuat10n reductions (Smith and Buchholtz, 1962;Walker and Zelitch, 1963;Willis et al, 1963;Coats and Foy, 1974). Sharma et al, ( 1977) found that wild oat transpiration reductions were dependent on herbicide applied and rate of application.…”