Effects of Atrazine on the Toxicity, Penetration and Metabolism of Carbofuran in the House Fly13

Lichtenstein, E. P.; Kunstman, James L.; Fuhremann, T. W.; Liang, Tung

doi:10.1093/jee/72.5.785

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some interactions result in enhancing toxicity (Lindstrom and Lydy, 1997; Lichtenstein et al, 1979) while others reduce toxicity (Kao et at., 1995). These fi ndings indicate the complex nature of the underlying mechanisms by which organ-isms tolerate exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics in their environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine induction of cytochrome P450 in Chironomus tentans larvae

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine induction of cytochrome P450 in Chironomus tentans larvae

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Atrazine is capable of increasing the toxicity of several different insecticides with which the herbicide is combined. For example, atrazine increased parathion (OP insecticide) toxicity in mosquito larvae, Aedes aegypti , and fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster , as well as enhanced carbofuran (carbamate insecticide) toxicity in houseflies, Musca domestica [10,11]. The results of other studies indicate that atrazine altered the toxic action of insecticides by decreasing mevinphos (phosphate insecticide) and methoxychlor (organochlorine insecticide) toxicity in the midge, Chironomus tentans [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased toxicity to invertebrates associated with a mixture of atrazine and organophosphate insecticides

Anderson

Lydy

2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined the joint toxicity of atrazine and three organophosphate (OP) insecticides (chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion, and diazinon) exposed to Hyalella azteca and Musca domestica. A factorial design was used to evaluate the toxicity of binary mixtures in which the lethal concentration/lethal dose (LC1/LD1, LC5/LD5, LC15/LD15, and LC50/LD50) of each OP was combined with atrazine concentrations of 0, 10, 40, 80, and 200 microg/L for H. azteca and 0, 200, and 2,000 ng/mg for M. domestica. Atrazine concentrations (> or = 40 microg/L) in combination with each OP caused a significant increase in toxicity to H. azteca compared with the OPs dosed individually. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity also was examined for the individual OPs with and without atrazine treatment. Atrazine in combination with each of the OPs resulted in a significant decrease in AChE activity compared with the OPs dosed individually. In addition, H. azteca that were pretreated with atrazine (> or = 40 microg/L) were much more sensitive to the OP insecticides compared with H. azteca that were not pretreated with atrazine before being tested. Topical exposure to atrazine concentrations did not significantly increase OP toxicity to M. domestica. The results of this study indicate the potential for increased toxicity in organisms exposed to environmental mixtures.

show abstract

“…Toxicity tests were conducted with water after its percolation through soils and again with water from the aquarium. In studies conducted in our laboratory (Lichtenstein et al, 1979) with A. aegypti larvae, LD^, values of ca. 0.22, 2.5,15,30, 75, and 200 ppm were obtained with carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, carbofuran phenol, 3-hydroxycarbofuran phenol, and 3ketocarbofuran phenol, respectively, indicating that an increase in the appearance of carbofuran metabolites would be associated with decreased toxic effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of percolating water, captafol, and EPTC on the movement and metabolism of soil-applied [14C]carbofuran in an agromicrocosm

Koeppe¹,

Lichtenstein²

1982

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of water percolating through [rmg-MC] carbofuran-treated soils (3.6 ppm; 2.9 gCi) and of the fungicide captafol and the herbicide EPTC on the persistence, movement, and metabolism of the insecticide in an agromicrocosm were investigated. After a 3-week incubation period, 49% of the soil-applied radiocarbon had been removed with percolating water from soils, while 37 % was recovered from soils and corn. In nonpercolated soils, however, 80% of the applied 14C was still associated with soils and corn. The aquatic components (water, lake mud, Elodea plants, and guppy fish) contained 25% of the soil-applied radioacrbon at the end of the experiment, even though 49% had been initially added to the aquariums via the percolated water. This loss of 24% was partially accounted for by degradation of 14C-labeled compounds to 14C02. About a/4 of all the radiocarbon found in the aquatic system was associated with the lake bottom mud, most of it as unextractable 14C-labeled compounds. Carbofuran was the major compound recovered from control and percolated soils, amounting to 39% and 15% of applied radiocarbon, respectively, while 3-ketocarbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were identified as the major metabolites. The aquatic component, however, contained only 0.3% of the initially applied [14C]carbofiiran, and most of this was associated with the bottom mud layer. While the addition of captafol to [14C]carbofuran-treated soils resulted in a more rapid disappearance of the insecticide from terrestrial soils and a reduced uptake of 14C-labeled compounds by com plants, EPTC had no effects. In the aquatic components, however, captafol and EPTC caused increased recoveries of 14C-labeled residues from lake bottom mud.

show abstract

Effects of Atrazine on the Toxicity, Penetration and Metabolism of Carbofuran in the House Fly13

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Atrazine induction of cytochrome P450 in Chironomus tentans larvae

Atrazine induction of cytochrome P450 in Chironomus tentans larvae

Increased toxicity to invertebrates associated with a mixture of atrazine and organophosphate insecticides

Effects of percolating water, captafol, and EPTC on the movement and metabolism of soil-applied [14C]carbofuran in an agromicrocosm

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About