Effects of Atmospheric Particles and Several Model Particles of Particulate Matter Components on Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Oxidative Responses

Abstract

Atmospheric particles are ingested by alveolar macrophages in the lung. The macrophages release reactive oxygen species on ingesting the particles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of particulate matter components on the release of reactive oxygen species from macrophages. We compared the effect of particulate matter with that of several model particles of particulate matter components, such as diesel exhaust particles, silica particles, two kinds of carbon black particles (a laser printer toner and an aggregation of laser printer toner), and 3-nitrobenzanthrone-coated carbon black particles, on the time course of induction of lucigenindependent chemiluminescence in human monocyte-derived macrophages. The particulate matter strongly induced chemiluminescence at lower concentrations. We observed similar chemiluminescence responses for particulate matter and 3-nitrobenzanthrone-coated carbon black particles. This result suggests that materials such as 3-nitrobenzanthrone are important contributors to the induction of reactive oxygen species by particulate matter. We also examined hydroxyl radical generation by the 2-deoxy-D-ribose method. Hydroxyl radical generation by particulate matter and diesel exhaust particles was greater than that by the other samples (the Mann-Whitney U test: p < 0.05). These results suggest that diesel exhaust and 3-nitrobenzanthrone-coated carbon black particles are insufficient as model particles of particulate matter components.

Comparing the role of silica particle size with mineral fiber geometry in the release of superoxide from rat alveolar macrophages

“…Moreover, we previously showed that a sample of PM induces much more superoxide from macrophages than a sample of silica with similar particle size (Ohyama et al, 2007) and that the superoxide response by macrophages to PM is similar to that of 3-nitrobenzanthrone-coated non-reactive particles (Ohyama et al, 2012). Therefore, the superoxide response by macrophages is not dependent on particle size only.…”

Air Pollution Exposure Assessment Studies

“…Of unique investment are a few natural air poisons that incorporate carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, ozone, lead, and particulate matter (PM) ("thoracic particles" [pm10] <10 μm in air motion facilitating distance across, "fine particles" [pm2.5] <2.5 μm, and "coarse particles" [pm10 to 2.5]). These contaminations are connected with expanded hospitalization [1] and mortality because of cardiovascular disease [2][3][4][5][6], particularly in persons with congestive heart disappointment, regular arrhythmias, or both [7,8]. The entrenched causal co-operations between dynamic and aloof smoking with coronary illness and stroke help the possibility of an unfavorable impact of PM on the cardiovascular framework.…”