Effects of asynchrony on symmetry perception

Vloed, Gert van der; Csathó, Árpád; Helm, Peter A. van der

doi:10.1007/s00426-005-0002-x

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…It also explains Leeuwenberg et al (1985) finding that, if a part and a whole are presented briefly and with small stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), then not only their presentation order but also their structural relationship determines how well the part is identified afterward. It further explains van der Vloed et al (2007) similar finding which, by way of example, I discuss next in more detail.…”

Section: The Visual Hierarchysupporting

confidence: 67%

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Cognitive architecture of perceptual organization: from neurons to gnosons

Helm

2011

Cogn Process

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What, if anything, is cognitive architecture and how is it implemented in neural architecture? Focusing on perceptual organization, this question is addressed by way of a pluralist approach which, supported by metatheoretical considerations, combines complementary insights from representational, connectionist, and dynamic systems approaches to cognition. This pluralist approach starts from a representationally inspired model which implements the intertwined but functionally distinguishable subprocesses of feedforward feature encoding, horizontal feature binding, and recurrent feature selection. As sustained by a review of neuroscientific evidence, these are the subprocesses that are believed to take place in the visual hierarchy in the brain. Furthermore, the model employs a special form of processing, called transparallel processing, whose neural signature is proposed to be gamma-band synchronization in transient horizontal neural assemblies. In neuroscience, such assemblies are believed to mediate binding of similar features. Their formal counterparts in the model are special input-dependent distributed representations, called hyperstrings, which allow many similar features to be processed in a transparallel fashion, that is, simultaneously as if only one feature were concerned. This form of processing does justice to both the high combinatorial capacity and the high speed of the perceptual organization process. A naturally following proposal is that those temporarily synchronized neural assemblies are “gnosons”, that is, constituents of flexible self-organizing cognitive architecture in between the relatively rigid level of neurons and the still elusive level of consciousness.

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Section: The Visual Hierarchysupporting

confidence: 67%

“…(2007) considered stimuli composed of one symmetrical (S) or random (R) part surrounding another symmetrical or random part (see Fig. 4).…”

Section: The Visual Hierarchymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive architecture of perceptual organization: from neurons to gnosons

Helm

2011

Cogn Process

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“…More indicative are neurophysiological data (see above) and behavioral data (for a comprehensive meta-analysis, see Van der Hallen et al, 2014). For instance, as discussed, categorization relies on perceived global structures, and ASD individuals tend to categorize deviations from prototypes into smaller categories than typical individuals do (for a similar finding in amodal completion, see de .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Then, top-down attention hardly has anything global to focus on, so that it naturally exhibits a focus on local things. In other words, reduced global processing naturally results in a narrowed spatial focus of attention (as Baron-Cohen, 2004, proposed) and in putting relatively more value on small errors (as Van de Cruys et al, 2013, proposed within a predictive coding approach). To be clear, ideas like the latter may lead to powerful models, but my point is that they comply just as well with reduced global processing as with enhanced local processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A cognitive architecture account of the visual local advantage phenomenon in autism spectrum disorders

Helm

2016

Vision Research

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Ideally, a cognitive architecture is a neurally plausible model that unifies mental representations and cognitive processes. Here, I apply such a model to re-evaluate the local advantage phenomenon in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), that is, the better than typical performance on visual tasks in which local stimulus features are to be discerned. The model takes (a) perceptual organization as a predominantly stimulus-driven process yielding hierarchical stimulus organizations, and (b) attention as predominantly scrutinizing the hierarchical structure of established percepts in a task-driven top-down fashion. This accounts for a dominance of wholes over parts and implies that perceived global structures mask incompatible local features. The model also substantiates that impairments in neuronal synchronization - as found in ASD - reduce the emergence of global structures and, thereby, their masking effect on incompatible features. I argue that this explains the local advantage phenomenon and I discuss implications and suggestions for future research.

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“…Thus, if my interpretation is correct, the reaction times distributions are narrower in the case of symmetric patterns, not because decisions occur faster, but because the construction of the representation would go faster, in the case of symmetry. This conjecture might be tested in the future by exploring situations in which complementary information are sent simultaneously [38] or asynchronously [39,40] to the two eyes, and studying the reaction time distributions as a function of the presentation delays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folded Sheet Versus Transparent Sheet Models for Human Symmetry Judgments

Ninio

2011

Symmetry

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Abstract:As a contribution to the mysteries of human symmetry perception, reaction time data were collected on the detection of symmetry or repetition violations, in the context of short term visual memory studies. The histograms for reaction time distributions are rather narrow in the case of symmetry judgments. Their analysis was performed in terms of a simple kinetic model of a mental process in two steps, a slow one for the construction of the representation of the images to be compared, and a fast one, in the 50 ms range, for the decision. There was no need for an additional 'mental rotation' step. Symmetry seems to facilitate the construction step. I also present here original stimuli showing a color equalization effect across a symmetry axis, and its counterpart in periodic patterns. According to a "folded sheet model", when a shape is perceived, the brain automatically constructs a mirror-image representation of the shape. Based in part on the reaction time analysis, I present here an alternative "transparent sheet" model in which the brain constructs a single representation, which can be accessed from two sides, thus generating simultaneously a pattern and its mirror-symmetric partner. Filtering processes, implied by current models of symmetry perception could intervene at an early stage, by nucleating the propagation of similar perceptual groupings in the two symmetric images.

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Effects of asynchrony on symmetry perception

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Cognitive architecture of perceptual organization: from neurons to gnosons

Cognitive architecture of perceptual organization: from neurons to gnosons

A cognitive architecture account of the visual local advantage phenomenon in autism spectrum disorders

Folded Sheet Versus Transparent Sheet Models for Human Symmetry Judgments

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