Effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the expression of immune response genes in head kidney, gill and spleen of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Effects of dietary protein levels on the disease resistance, immune function and physical barrier function in the gill of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) after challenged with Flavobacterium columnare

“…It was reported that fish growth is positively correlated with gill health status [2]. In fish, gill health status is largely dependent on its immune function [5] and physical barrier function [6]. Studies in our laboratory show that nutrients such as riboflavin [7] and folic acid [8] improve the gill immune function and physical barrier function of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).…”

“…Based on the quadratic regression analysis of protecting fish against gill rot morbidity with different levels of dietary protein (Y gill rot morbidity ¼ 0.0030x 2 -1.5224x þ 204.9639, R 2 ¼ 0.9621, P < 0.01), the optimal dietary protein level for grass carp was estimated to be 253.73 g digestible protein kg À1 diet. Fish gill health is also closely correlated with the immune function [5] and physical barrier function [6]. Therefore, we next investigated the effects of dietary protein levels on the gill immune function and physical barrier function of grass carp.…”

“…To our knowledge, gill immune function depends in part on the immune response in fish [5]. According to one report, antibacterial compounds and cytokines play crucial roles in the immune responses of fish [10].…”

Dietary myo-inositol modulates immunity through antioxidant activity and the Nrf2 and E2F4/cyclin signalling factors in the head kidney and spleen following infection of juvenile fish with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…Fish lysozyme is mainly distributed in the head kidney and has been shown to be transcribed in the spleens [57]. ACP was identified as a marker enzyme for the detection of lysosomes in cell fractions [58].…”

Limonia Acidissima L. (Wood Apple) as Feed Additive Enhanced Growth Performance, Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Indian Major Carp, Catla Catla (Ham.) Against Aeromonas Hydrophila Infection

“…The enhanced lysozyme activity in this study was in affirmation with previous reports on immunostimulants fed fish 25,49,63 . The significant increase of lysozyme in the present study may be due to up-regulation of lysozyme mRNA which could stimulate the immunity response of fish and may contribute to host resistance against infectious pathogens 66,67 . The results of our study showed higher phagocytic activity in Limonia acidissima Fruit diet fed fish groups compared to control group.…”