Effects of astaxanthin in animal models of obesity-associated diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Radice, Rosa Paola; Limongi, Antonina Rita; Viviano, Emanuele; Padula, Maria Carmela; Martelli, Giuseppe; Bermano, Giovanna

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.008

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…16 Furthermore, AT relieves osteoarthritis by regulating Nrf2. 17 Although studies have demonstrated the protective effects of AT on obesity-associated diseases and NAFLD, 18 its mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study is focused on investigating the mechanism of AT in alleviating NAFLD.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating the Intestinal Flora and Targeting the AMPK/Nrf2 Signal Axis

Liu

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most prevalent chronic liver diseases around the globe. The accumulation of lipids in the liver and oxidative stress are important pathological mechanisms of NAFLD. Astaxanthin (AT) is a carotenoid extracted from shrimps and crabs with beneficial biological activities, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. 16S microflora sequencing, H&E staining, and the western blot technique were employed to investigate the impacts of AT on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Significant mitigation in lipid metabolism-related disorders and decreased oxidative stress in HFD-induced mice were observed due to AT, and significant changes in the gut flora of the model mice were also observed. The in vitro study showed that AT considerably lowered the protein expression level of fatty acid synthetase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and acetyl-COA carboxylase (ACC) and increased the protein expression of nuclear factor-E2 associated factor 2 (Nrf2) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells. Additionally, mechanistic studies revealed that compound C (AMPK inhibitor, CC) inhibited the regulatory effect of AT on the SREBP-1c and Nrf2 signaling pathways. In conclusion, AT can inhibit the SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC signaling pathways, activate the AMPK and Nrf2 signaling pathways, and improve the structure of intestinal flora.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating the Intestinal Flora and Targeting the AMPK/Nrf2 Signal Axis

Liu

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Bjørklund et al [ 114 ] revealed the ability of the other carotenoid astaxanthin, synthesized by numerous microalgae, yeasts, and bacteria, to manage the overweight outcome. Radice et al [ 115 ] found that supplementation of the experimental animals with astaxanthin had positive effects on a variety of symptoms associated with obesity through the hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering capacity, as well as mitigating the immune system. Calanus oil, a natural product from marine crustacean Calanus finmarchicus, which is rich in astaxanthin, has a noticeable effect in treating low-grade inflammation related to obesity [ 116 ].…”

Section: Novel Drugs In Obesity Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Treatments and Natural Biocompounds in Weight Management

et al. 2023

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The obesity pandemic is one of society’s most urgent public health concerns. One-third of the global adult population may fall under obese or overweight by 2025, suggesting a rising demand for medical care and an exorbitant cost of healthcare expenditure in the coming years. Generally, the treatment strategy for obese patients is largely patient-centric and needs dietary, behavioral, pharmacological, and sometimes even surgical interventions. Given that obesity cases are rising in adults and children and lifestyle modifications have failed to produce the desired results, the need for medical therapy adjunct to lifestyle modifications is vital for better managing obesity. Most existing or past drugs for obesity treatment target satiety or monoamine pathways and induce a feeling of fullness in patients, while drugs such as orlistat are targeted against intestinal lipases. However, many medications targeted against neurotransmitters showed adverse events in patients, thus being withdrawn from the market. Alternatively, the combination of some drugs has been successfully tested in obesity management. However, the demand for novel, safer, and more efficacious pharmaceutical medicines for weight management does exist. The present review elucidates the current understanding of the available anti-obesity medicines of synthetic and natural origin, their main mechanisms of action, and the shortcomings associated with current weight management drugs.

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“…Hence, measures which boost mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle—including nutraceuticals and exercise training—have the potential to alleviate muscle insulin resistance [ 286 , 287 ]. Astaxanthin can promote insulin sensitivity in diabetics and pre-diabetics in an additional way—by boosting adiponectin production [ 128 , 288 , 289 , 290 , 291 , 292 ]. Acting as an agonist for PPARα, astaxanthin can promote hepatic secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which in turn acts on adipocytes to increase their secretion of adiponectin [ 293 , 294 , 295 ].…”

Section: Some Agents Reducing Risk For Complications May Also Aid Ins...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress

McCarty

DiNicolantonio²,

O’Keefe³

2022

CIMB

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Oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, driven by excess accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in cells that are highly permeable to glucose in the absence of effective insulin activity, appear to be the chief mediators of the complications of diabetes. The most pathogenically significant dicarbonyl stress reflects spontaneous dephosphorylation of glycolytic triose phosphates, giving rise to highly reactive methylglyoxal. This compound can be converted to harmless lactate by the sequential activity of glyoxalase I and II, employing glutathione as a catalyst. The transcription of glyoxalase I, rate-limiting for this process, is promoted by Nrf2, which can be activated by nutraceutical phase 2 inducers such as lipoic acid and sulforaphane. In cells exposed to hyperglycemia, glycine somehow up-regulates Nrf2 activity. Zinc can likewise promote glyoxalase I transcription, via activation of the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF) that binds to the glyoxalase promoter. Induction of glyoxalase I and metallothionein may explain the protective impact of zinc in rodent models of diabetic complications. With respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications, promoters of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP2 inducers, inhibitors of NAPDH oxidase, recouplers of eNOS, glutathione precursors, membrane oxidant scavengers, Nrf2 activators, and correction of diabetic thiamine deficiency should help to quell this.

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Effects of astaxanthin in animal models of obesity-associated diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Astaxanthin Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating the Intestinal Flora and Targeting the AMPK/Nrf2 Signal Axis

Astaxanthin Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating the Intestinal Flora and Targeting the AMPK/Nrf2 Signal Axis

Pharmacological Treatments and Natural Biocompounds in Weight Management

Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress

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