Effects of Associated Fauna on Growth and Productivity in the Red Mangrove

Perry, Diane M.

doi:10.2307/1941262

Cited by 68 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…caged plate treatments had generally more recruitment than non-caged ones, a result that might be explained by predation. in a mangrove estuary in the west coast of costa rica, hermit crabs forage on newly settled barnacles on Rhizophora prop roots that are in contact with the substrate (Perry 1988). in our deployments, plates and roots were always fastened to mangrove roots that were attached to the substrate, and mesh size was sufficiently small to exclude most crabs, snails, and fishes.…”

Section: Survival Of Youngmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Role of Season and Salinity in Influencing Barnacle Distributions in Two Adjacent Coastal Mangrove Lagoons

Starczak¹,

Pérez-Brunius²,

Levine³

et al. 2011

bms

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barnacles are often abundant on roots and branches of mangrove trees in tidal channels and coastal lagoons of the Pacific coast of Panama. yet, in some coastal lagoons, barnacles are absent. we investigated pre-and post-settlement factors that affect barnacle distributions in two adjacent coastal lagoons in bahía honda, Panama, one with moderate to large barnacle populations, and the other with nearly non-existent populations. although mean barnacle recruitment was higher on mangrove root segments during the dry season (december-april) than in the wet season (may-november), it was not significantly different between the two coastal lagoons. The coastal lagoon with fewer barnacles is considered an estuary, with high freshwater flow and low salinities (0.1) during the wet season that were lethal to barnacle nauplii and cyprids. furthermore, coastal water was not observed to enter the lagoon, even during flood tides. in contrast, more barnacles were found in the lagoon with higher salinities (8.5). during the dry season, freshwater flow was greatly reduced in both lagoons, resulting in a similar salinity range (22-33). we conclude that the lack of barnacles in the estuarine coastal lagoon is largely due to high flushing rates and low salinities that reduce larval concentrations during the wet season. moreover, low adult abundance in the lagoon's interior may further reduce larval supply and settlement.Population and community dynamics of nearshore species with a two-phase life cycle are determined by (1) pre-settlement processes, which affect the abundance of larvae, their delivery to adult habitats, and their settlement, and (2) post-settlement processes impacting juveniles and adults. larval development may influence settlement and recruitment (Thiyagarajan et al. 2002(Thiyagarajan et al. , jarrett 2003(Thiyagarajan et al. , giménez 2004(Thiyagarajan et al. , sponaugle et al. 2006, and larval behavior at settlement can have a key role in recruitment (blythe and Pineda 2009). a long-standing research topic in marine ecology is the relative importance of these processes in determining population and community dynamics (hatton 1938, connell 1985). larval supply to adult habitats, or its operational equivalent, larval abundance near settlement sites, is influenced by factors affecting larval pool size, transport, and behavior (connell 1985(connell , Pineda 2000. researchers investigating larval pool size have focused on predation as the most important mortality factor (e.g., morgan 1995). natural stressors (e.g., changes in temperature or salinity) causing larval mortality can also affect nearshore larval abundance, and temporal and spatial variability in stressors may generate spatial patterns in populations and communities. in general, natural stressors have received less attention than predation and competition in regulating hard-substrate benthic communities.

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Section: Survival Of Youngmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Role of Season and Salinity in Influencing Barnacle Distributions in Two Adjacent Coastal Mangrove Lagoons

Starczak¹,

Pérez-Brunius²,

Levine³

et al. 2011

bms

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“…Similarly, populations of S. terebrans and S. peruvianum are found in brackish embayments and tidal creeks ranging from nearly freshwater to marine (Rice et al 1990, pers obs). Boring isopods primarily inhabit the shallow subtidal to the high tide mark (Perry andBrusca 1989, Davidson 2008); however individuals of S. quoianum have been observed in waters as deep as 7 m (Cohen et al 2001).…”

Section: Estuarine Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Densely clustered colonies of isopods perforate the submerged surface of the float and appear to reduce its functionality. While burrows are initially often shallow (less than 30 mm deep, and rarely exceeding 60 mm; Perry andBrusca 1989, Talley et al 2001, Davidson andde Rivera, in press), subsequent generations and colonizers may extend and/or build from old burrows, creating an interconnected burrow network (as described by Thiel 1999, Talley et al 2001). This extensive network substantially reduces the density of the outer 60 mm of the float, making the foam noticeably weaker and more susceptible to breakage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The destruction of aerial roots, which normally grow into the sediment and provide stability, may increase the susceptibility of mangroves to damage from storms (Rehm andHumm 1973, Santhakumari 1991). While burrowing by sphaeromatid isopods initiates root branching (Simberloff et al 1978, Perry 1988, burrowing causes a net reduction in root growth and productivity (Perry 1988, Brooks andBell 2002). Many studies have examined the association between wood-boring isopods and the freehanging roots of red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle; Ellison and Farnsworth 1990, Perry 1988, Perry and Brusca 1989, but these studies have not examined the relationship between boring and tree-level characteristics of morphology and performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While burrowing by sphaeromatid isopods initiates root branching (Simberloff et al 1978, Perry 1988, burrowing causes a net reduction in root growth and productivity (Perry 1988, Brooks andBell 2002). Many studies have examined the association between wood-boring isopods and the freehanging roots of red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle; Ellison and Farnsworth 1990, Perry 1988, Perry and Brusca 1989, but these studies have not examined the relationship between boring and tree-level characteristics of morphology and performance. I hypothesized that burrow density of wood-boring isopods will be positively associated with (1) evidence of mangrove root damage (root breakage and necrosis); and (2) lower fecundity and performance of the whole tree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Erosion of Marine Habitats and Structures by Burrowing Crustaceans

Davidson¹

2000

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Marine bioeroders, borers, and burrowers can have drastic effects to marine habitats and facilities. By physically altering the structure of marine habitats, these organisms may elicit ecosystem-level effects that cascade through the community. While borer damage is typically restricted to a few substratum types, burrowing isopods in the genus Sphaeroma attack a diversity of substrata in tropical and temperate systems. My dissertation examined how boring sphaeromatid isopods affect coastal habitats (saltmarshes, mangroves) and other estuarine substrata as well as marine structures. I used a combination of lab and mensurative field experiments to quantify the effects of boring by isopods and examine how select factors affect the colonization, hence burrowing damage by isopods. I explored these questions primarily using the temperate To examine the small-scale factors that mediate colonization and boring, I conducted a series of binary choice experiments. I found the presence of conspecifics, biofilm, and shade were important factors influencing colonization. These small scale factors likely explain why isopod attack is focused in some substrata. Finally, to examine the boring effects of tropical isopods in mangroves, I examined the associations between burrowing by S. terebrans and mangrove performance and fecundity. I found negative relationships between boring effects and performance and fecundity in two mangrove species in a restored mangrove stand in Taiwan. Together, these studies elucidate the effects of bioerosive isopods on saltmarshes, mangroves, and marine structures. However, the similar mechanisms involved in bioerosion in other boring species suggest that these results can be used to infer similar effects of other borers. In addition, since many species of sphaeromatid isopods have been introduced, this research shows how the effects of a non-native bioeroder can damage marine facilities and degrade and alter marine habitats.Through biological erosion and thus changing the physical structure of a marine habitat these non-native species can have ecosystem-level effects that cascade throughout the local community.iii Acknowledgements

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Boring crustaceans shape the land–sea interface in brackish Caribbean mangroves

2016

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Abstract. Consumer effects on the structure and extent of habitat-forming foundation species such as trees and coral reefs are well known, but the role of non-consumer interactions is less studied. Red mangroves are major foundation species at the land-sea interface, creating critical habitat in the tropics and subtropics. The complex aerial roots of mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) provide structural support to the tree and support diverse marine biota including boring isopods (Sphaeroma terebrans). These isopods frequently bore into root tips of mangroves causing atrophy, which can alter the structure and extent of mangrove habitat. We conducted a large-scale isopod exclusion experiment across 18° of latitude at eight locations from Panama to Florida to test how isopods affect mangrove root structure and anchorage across a broad geographic range. We hypothesized that excluding isopods would increase root growth rates, morphological complexity, and anchorage compared to roots exposed to isopods. After one year, mangrove roots protected from boring isopods with cages increased growth by 2.5-19 times and exhibited a more complex morphology compared to uncaged controls. Further, 15% of caged roots became anchored in the sediment compared to none of the uncaged isopod-inhabited roots. This suggests that these isopods, which are native to the Indo-Pacific, are a major, widespread structuring agent of mangrove root habitat in the Caribbean and Florida, potentially limiting mangrove encroachment into estuarine waters.

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Effects of Associated Fauna on Growth and Productivity in the Red Mangrove

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

The Role of Season and Salinity in Influencing Barnacle Distributions in Two Adjacent Coastal Mangrove Lagoons

The Role of Season and Salinity in Influencing Barnacle Distributions in Two Adjacent Coastal Mangrove Lagoons

Biological Erosion of Marine Habitats and Structures by Burrowing Crustaceans

Boring crustaceans shape the land–sea interface in brackish Caribbean mangroves

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