Effects of aspiration and achievement on muscular tensions.

Leshner, Saul S.

doi:10.1037/h0046002

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It would seem that systematic manipulation is necessary if the effects of failure or success are to be more directly and accurately evaluated. Leshner (7) controlled failure by prearranging scores on a given task. The task utilized the verbal solutions of sets of figure-patterns for which fictitious scores and norms were established as a means of reporting and controlling relative achievement.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Aspiration of High- and Low-Skilled Boys

Schiltz

Levitt

1968

Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical E

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Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Aspiration of High- and Low-Skilled Boys

Schiltz

Levitt

1968

Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical E

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“…Studies of muscle-action potential (MAP) have shown that several conditions of goal-directed activity increase its amplitude: (a) the duration of the task (Bartoshuk, 1955;Davis, 1937;Smith, 1953;Stennett, 1957); (b) increasing nearness of the goal or of the end of the task (Bartoshuk, 1955;Davis, 1937;Malmo, Shagass, & Davis, 1951;Smith, 1953); (c) the difficulty of the task (Belanger, 1957;Davis, 1938;Shaw & Kline, 1947;Surwillo, 1956); (d) the presence of distracting stimuli (Davis, 1937); (e) the value of the incentive offered to 5 (Surwillo, 1956); (/) the intelligence of S (Shaw & Kline, 1947); and (g) a previous failure, rather than a success, by 5 (Klein, 1951;Leshner, 1961). The latter occurs with task-oriented 5s but not with ego-oriented ones (Reuder, 1956).…”

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confidence: 99%

Muscle-action potentials and estimated probability of success.

Diggory¹,

Klein²,

Cohen³

1964

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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This experiment bears on the question of the conditions under which actual or expected failure will lead to an increase or to a decrease in muscular effort expended on a task. Action potentials (MAP) from the working muscles are taken as the index of effort. Previous reports that MAP increased after failure are interpreted to mean that Ss viewed the second task as a chance to offset the effects of the failure by performing well. But it is supposed that if S is convinced that achieving success is hopeless under given task conditions then he will reduce his effort, i.e., produce smaller MAPs. Previous experiments had shown that the form and level of (false) performance curves, reported to Ss during a series of trials, produced systematic effects on the trend and level of their estimated probability of success, P(s). These observations were replicated in the present experiment, with the additional finding that level of MAP is a function of level of P(s). That is, Ss who expected to succeed put out more effort than those who expected to fail.

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Imagery and Thinking: Covert Functioning of the Motor System

McGuigan

1978

Consciousness and Self-Regulation

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Effects of aspiration and achievement on muscular tensions.

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Levels of Aspiration of High- and Low-Skilled Boys

Levels of Aspiration of High- and Low-Skilled Boys

Muscle-action potentials and estimated probability of success.

Imagery and Thinking: Covert Functioning of the Motor System

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