Effects of artificially induced spinal cord compression on the canine cervical internal vertebral venous plexus: comparative evaluation of computed tomographic venography and digital subtraction venography

Gómez, Marcelo; Lanz, Otto I.; Jones, Jeryl C.; Broadstone, Richard V.; Inzana, Karen D.; Freeman, Lisa C.

doi:10.4067/s0301-732x2008000200008

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Currently there are no reports in the veterinary literature that describe a specific underlying cause of a vertebral venous system abnormality. However, one study has looked at the effects of artificial spinal cord compression on the internal vertebral venous plexus . This study showed an increase in transverse diameter of the internal vertebral venous plexus immediately cranial and caudal to the site of compression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Vertebral venous system abnormalities identified with magnetic resonance imaging in sighthounds

Vernon

Durand

Guevar

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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In humans, abnormalities of the vertebral venous system are considered rare but significant causes of radiculopathy and myelopathy. Published information on abnormalities of the canine vertebral venous system is currently lacking. Aims of this retrospective descriptive study were to characterize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities of the vertebral venous system in a population of sighthounds, report prevalence of vertebral venous system abnormalities within that population and explore possible clinical significance. Our hospital database was searched over the period of 2002-2013 for sighthounds with MRI studies of the vertebral column. Medical records and MRI studies for included dogs were retrieved and findings were recorded by a single observer. A total of 92 sighthounds were sampled. Eleven cases (prevalence 12%) showed abnormal enlargement of the internal vertebral venous plexus (10/11 unilaterally, 1/11 bilaterally), external vertebral venous plexus (7/11 cases unilaterally), and/or intervertebral veins (8/11 unilaterally, 2/11 bilaterally, and 1/11 unilaterally and bilaterally at different sites). The majority of the abnormalities were right sided and the most common location for abnormalities was C6/7. Of the 11 cases, nine did not have a definitive diagnosis. Seven of those nine cases had an abnormality in a neuroanatomical localization that could wholly or partly explain the clinical signs. Findings indicated that, while the prevalence of vertebral venous system abnormalities was low in this sample of sighthounds, the majority of dogs with these abnormalities had clinical signs that matched the location of the abnormalities. Further prospective research is needed to investigate potential underlying aetiologies for vertebral venous system abnormalities in dogs and clarify their clinical significance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Vertebral venous system abnormalities identified with magnetic resonance imaging in sighthounds

Vernon

Durand

Guevar

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…In humans, posterior internal vertebral venous plexuses are described posterolat-erally to the spinal cord in the peridural space. 24,25 Posterior internal vertebral venous plexuses communicate with anterior internal vertebral venous plexuses through ladder-like transverse connecting veins that are equivalent to IABs in dogs. 25 Anecdotal references to dorsal internal vertebral plexuses have been reported in veterinary medicine, but such structures were not evident in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical features of the canine C2-C3 spinal cord vascular environment

Taroni

Saban

Baldinger

et al. 2022

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE Interarcuate branch (IAB) is a vascular structure, particularly developed in C2-3 intervertebral space, forming a dorsal bridge that connects ventral venous plexi in the vertebral canal. While precisely described in the human, the precise anatomical features of IABs have not been reported in the veterinary literature. The purpose of this study is to describe the features and relations of IABs in the C2-3 vertebral canal. ANIMALS 10 dogs were enrolled; 5 dogs for necropsy and 5 dogs for histology. PROCEDURES The ventral venous plexi in the cervical spine of 5 dogs were injected with latex and underwent vertebral canal dissection for visual assessment of the IAB. Two out of 5 dogs were injected with the addition of barium sulfate and underwent a CT scan. The C2-3 regions of 5 small-breed dogs were harvested for histological examinations. RESULTS IABs arose from the ventral venous plexus at the level of the intervertebral vein; they originated from 2 separate branches located caudally and cranially to the intervertebral foramen, forming a ventrodorsal triangle surrounding the spinal nerve root. No dorsal anastomosis was observed on the CT scan nor at dissection but were observed histologically. A cervical fibrous sheath was observed all around the vertebral canal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE IABs are voluminous venous structures at the C2-3 intervertebral space in dogs and found within a split of the cervical fibrous sheath, which is adherent to the interarcuate ligament and the ligamentum flavum. This anatomical description is paramount when planning an approach to the C2-3 intervertebral space.

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Effects of artificially induced spinal cord compression on the canine cervical internal vertebral venous plexus: comparative evaluation of computed tomographic venography and digital subtraction venography

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Vertebral venous system abnormalities identified with magnetic resonance imaging in sighthounds

Vertebral venous system abnormalities identified with magnetic resonance imaging in sighthounds

Anatomical features of the canine C2-C3 spinal cord vascular environment

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