Effects of aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae) on actions of snake and bee venoms and on activity of phospholipases A2

Borges, Márcia Helena; Soares, Andreimar M.; Rodrigues, Veridiana M.; Andrião-Escarso, Sílvia Helena; Diniz, Heyder; Hamaguchi, Amélia; Quintero, Aristides; Lizano, Sergio; Gutiérrez, José Marı́a; Giglio, José Roberto; Homsi-Brandeburgo, Maria Inês

doi:10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00237-6

Cited by 130 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The PLA 2 enzyme activity of CTX is critical for blockage of signal transmission at the endplate. The C. sylvestris antiophidian property seems to be related to the capacity of PLA 2 inhibition (Borges et al 2000(Borges et al , 2001, which is an enzyme largely activated after venom administration/ inoculation. Aqueous extract of the leaves diminishes injures on skeletal muscle fibers via the prevention of edema formation within endomise (connective tissue) and reduces the muscle blockage, findings responsible by tissue damage protection and enhanced survival rates in extract-pretreated animals depending on the venom class (Cavalcante et al 2007).…”

Section: Anti-ophidian Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water extract of C. sylvestris leaves shows great inhibitory effects on the toxic, enzymatic, hemorrhagic and anticoagulant activities exhibited by various venoms, particularly against those belonging to the PLA 2 I (Phospholipase A 2 ) (Elapidae Family), II (Viperidae Family) e III (bee) types (Borges et al 2000(Borges et al , 2001.…”

Section: Anti-ophidian Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Folk uses and pharmacological properties of Casearia sylvestris: a medicinal review

Ferreira

Costa-Lotufo

Moraes

et al. 2011

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

103

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Folk uses and scientific investigations have highlighted the importance of Casearia sylvestris extracts and their relevant bioactive potential. The aim of this work was to review the pharmacological properties of C. sylvestris, emphasizing its anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ophidian and antitumor potentialities. Ethanolic extracts and essential oil of their leaves have antiulcerogenic activity and reduce gastric volume without altering the stomach pH, which corroborates their consumption on gastrointestinal disorders. Leaf water extracts show phospholipase A 2 inhibitory activity that prevents damage effects on the muscular tissue after toxin inoculation. This antiphospholipasic action is probably related to the use as an anti-inflammatory, proposing a pharmacological blockage similar to that obtained with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase pathways. Bioguided-assay fractionations lead to the identification of secondary metabolites, especially the clerodane diterpenes casearins (A-X) and casearvestrins (A-C), compounds with a remarkable cytotoxic and antitumor action. Therefore, the C. sylvestris shrub holds a known worldwide pharmacological arsenal by its extensive folk utilization, exciting searches for new molecules and a better comprehension about biological properties.

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Section: Anti-ophidian Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anti-ophidian Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Folk uses and pharmacological properties of Casearia sylvestris: a medicinal review

Ferreira

Costa-Lotufo

Moraes

et al. 2011

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

103

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“…The herbal compound (2-OH-4-methoxy benzoic acid) isolated from the root extract of Hemidesmus indicus R. BR effectively neutralized the inflammation induced by Vipera russelli venom in male albino mice and reduced the cotton pelletinduced granuloma in rats (27). The Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae) extract inhibited by 50% the edema-inducing activity of both whole venom and myotoxin II of B. moojeni when assayed in the mouse foot pad model in preincubation experiments (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization of the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom by extracts of plants used by healers in Colombia

Núñez

Otero

Barona

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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We determined the neutralizing activity of 12 ethanolic extracts of plants against the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom in Swiss Webster mice. The material used consisted of the leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae), Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae) and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae); the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); the whole plant of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae) and Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae), Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae) and Dracontium croatii (Araceae), and the ripe fruit of Citrus limon (Rutaceae). After preincubation of varying amounts of each extract with either 1.0 µg venom for the edema-forming effect or 2.0 µg venom for the defibrinating effect, the mixture was injected subcutaneously (sc) into the right foot pad or intravenously into the tail, respectively, to groups of four mice (18-20 g). All extracts (6.2-200 µg/mouse) partially neutralized the edema-forming activity of venom in a dose-dependent manner (58-76% inhibition), with B. orellana, S. orbicularis, G. panamensis, B. rosademonte, and D. croatii showing the highest effect. Ten extracts (3.9-2000 µg/mouse) also showed 100% neutralizing ability against the defibrinating effect of venom, and nine prolonged the coagulation time induced by the venom. When the extracts were administered either before or after venom injection, the neutralization of the edema-forming effect was lower than 40% for all extracts, and none of them neutralized the defibrinating effect of venom. When they were administered in situ (sc at the same site 5 min after venom injection), the neutralization of edema increased for six extracts, reaching levels up to 64% for C. limon.

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“…At least 16 Casearia species have shown biological activity such as cytotoxic [C. arborea; C. grayi; C. grewiifolia; C. lucida; C. multinervosa; C. nigrescens; C. obliqua (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)]; antifungal [C. decandra (9)]; antidiabetic [C. esculenta (10)]; immunomodulatory [C. guianensis (11)]; antifertility [C. ilicifolia (12)]; antiophidian [C. mariquitensis (13)]; antitumor [C. membranacea (14)]; genotoxic [C. tomentosa (15)]; and antioxidant actions [C. velutina (16)]. The most studied among them is Casearia sylvestris Sw. that has shown several biological activities, including antitumor, antiulcer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antifungal, anticancer, anti-snake and bee venom PLA 2 , genotoxic, trypanocidal, enzyme inhibitory, antihyperlipidemic and antibothropic properties (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). The latter have been used as antivenom in folk medicine by isolated Brazilian communities (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bothrops jararacussu venom-induced neuromuscular blockade inhibited by Casearia gossypiosperma Briquet hydroalcoholic extract

Camargo¹,

Nazato²,

Silva³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:The hydroalcoholic extract of Casearia gossypiosperma Briquet (Flacourtiaceae) was standardized for the first time through quality control procedures including pharmacognostic methods, fingerprint chromatograms, defined amounts of marker substances and physicochemical characteristics. The pharmacological activity of C. gossypiosperma (Cg) hydroalcoholic extract was assayed by a traditional in vitro test, which involved irreversible neuromuscular blockade induced by Bothrops jararacussu (Bjssu) venom (60 μg/mL) in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations. Bjssu venom blocked muscle activity for 26 (± 2.0) minutes (n = 6). Cg extract (0.1 mg/mL) induced changes on the baseline muscle activity without impairing the muscle function and inhibited 87.6% (± 1.8) (n = 6) of the Bjssu venom-induced blockade. Both flavonoids (0.624 g%) and polyphenols (4.63 g%) from the extract were spectrophotometrically quantified. Therefore, the present study confirms the antibothropic activity of Cg extract, supporting the ethnomedical use of Casearia sp. in the treatment of snakebite victims.Key words: antibothropic extract, Bothrops jararacussu, Casearia gossypiosperma Briquet, snake venoms. pharmacologically assessed for the first time. Original PaPer The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical DiseasesIn vivo myotoxic effects and in vitro irreversible neuromuscular blockade effects of crude venom from the snake Bothrops jararacussu are well known pharmacological methods used to study drugs showing antivenom properties (29,30). Thus, the aim of the present study was to verify the capability of Casearia gossypiosperma hydroalcoholic extract to neutralize the neuromuscular blockade induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material and ExtractionLeaves from an adult C. gossypiosperma Briquet (Cg) tree were collected from the herbarium at the Higher School of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ) of the University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, in January 2006; the species was previously identified in 1988 (protocol IAC 38115). Cg leaves were dried at 35°C to 40°C for 24 hours. The dried leaves were then powdered, ground in a mill, macerated (200 g, during five days) in 2 L of 70% ethanol and the suspension was percolated (under protection against light) at 20 drops/minute, resulting in a 10% (m/v) hydroalcoholic extract. Quality Control Assays of the Medicinal Plants Ash and humidity testsTo observe elementary physical and chemical characteristics, Cg powder was subjected to ash and humidity tests (31). Briefly, 100 g of the specimen powder were placed in six calibrated melting pots, which were warmed until total carbonization of the powders. The melting pots were kept at 650°C and the ashes were then weighed. Results are expressed as grams of ashes/100 g of sample. The humidity test was performed by placing 1 g of specimen powder in six calibrated porcelain capsules, which were heated at 105ºC during four hours and then weighed. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)Aliquots...

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Effects of aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae) on actions of snake and bee venoms and on activity of phospholipases A2

Cited by 130 publications

References 27 publications

Folk uses and pharmacological properties of Casearia sylvestris: a medicinal review

Folk uses and pharmacological properties of Casearia sylvestris: a medicinal review

Neutralization of the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom by extracts of plants used by healers in Colombia

Bothrops jararacussu venom-induced neuromuscular blockade inhibited by Casearia gossypiosperma Briquet hydroalcoholic extract

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