Effects of approach and injection volume on diffusion of mepivacaine hydrochloride during local analgesia of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve in horses

Abstract

Results indicated that the proximal and distal diffusion of the mepivacaine-iohexol solution was quite variable following either DBLPN nerve block technique.

Effects of acellular equine amniotic allografts on the healing of experimentally induced full‐thickness distal limb wounds in horses

“…We evaluated four different treatment/control groups: (a) eAM, consisting of StemWrap and StemWrap+ products; (b) eAM control, which was potentially subject to the local subcutaneous injection effects of the StemWrap+; (c) commercially available occlusive silicone gel dressings (CICA‐CARE; Smith & Nephew, Andover, Massachusetts) known for their ability to reduce the formation of granulation tissue on the distal limbs of horses as a comparison; and (d) commercially available nonadherent dressings (Telfa; Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) as a negative control. The ability of small volumes (2 mL) of subcutaneous injectate to diffuse both proximally and distally in the distal limbs of horses for total distances as far as 11 cm has been documented in many local anesthetic and contrast medium studies . For this reason, we chose not to treat the wound on the same limb as the eAM‐treated wound because it was well within this distance range, and we speculated that it could be influenced by the injection of the eAM‐treated wound.…”

Lameness originating from the proximal metacarpus/tarsus: A review of local analgesic techniques and clinical diagnostic findings

“…No difference in frequency of diffusion to adjacent synovial structures was appreciated between techniques to desensitise the DBLPN (Claunch et al . ). The single‐injection technique for perineural infiltration of the DBLPN was more specific when directly compared with the subtarsal nerve block with less diffusion to surrounding synovial structures (Gayle and Redding ).…”

“…) and diffusion to the tarsometatarsal joint in 25% or 6% of cases (Claunch et al . ; Contino et al . ; respectively).…”

“…Claunch et al . () compared the two previously described techniques for selective analgesia of the DBLPN (Gayle and Redding ; Hughes et al . ) in standing horses.…”

“…Subtarsal nerve block resulted in diffusion of local anaesthetic solution to the tarsal sheath in 40% of cases and to the tarsometatarsal joint in 5% of cases (Dyson 1991a,b). Perineural infiltration of the DBLPN resulted in variable diffusion to the tarsal sheath in 5%, 15%, 30% or 37.5% of cases (Hughes et al 2007;Claunch et al 2014;Hinnigan et al 2014;Contino et al 2015) and diffusion to the tarsometatarsal joint in 25% or 6% of cases (Claunch et al 2014;Contino et al 2015;respectively). No difference in frequency of diffusion to adjacent synovial structures was appreciated between techniques to desensitise the DBLPN (Claunch et al 2014).…”