Effects of apple pomace proportion levels on the fermentation quality of total mixed ration silage and its digestibility, preference and ruminal fermentation in beef cows

Abstract

Four Japanese black beef cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate the fermentation quality, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and preference of total mixed ration (TMR) silages prepared with differing proportions of apple pomace (AP). Experimental treatments were the control (no AP added, CAP), 5% (low, LAP), 10% (medium, MAP) and 20% (high, HAP) of TMR dry matter (DM) as AP. All TMR silages were well preserved. Ethanol was produced in silages containing AP and the amount increased with the proportion of AP (P < 0.05). Nutrient digestibility with LAP, MAP and HAP treatment was lower than that with CAP treatment (P < 0.05). The ruminal molar proportion of acetic acid increased (P < 0.05), but the ruminal ammonia-N concentration decreased (P < 0.05) as the proportion of AP increased. The preference of the animals was highest for HAP, followed by MAP, CAP and LAP. This study demonstrates that decrease in nutrient digestibility might be related to the ethanol produced naturally from AP. Therefore, the proportion of AP in TMR silages should be less than 5% of dietary DM.

Effects of Level of Fresh Apple Pomace in Mixed Silage on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Serum Metabolites in Finishing Pigs

“…In the present study, the high ethanol content of the prepared silage may have promoted long-term preservation. The relationships between fermentation products and FAP levels in feed were consistent with those reported by FANG et al (2016a).…”

“…Many studies have evaluated the effects of feeding FAP to ruminants, and these studies have shown that, whether used alone or mixed with other materials, FAP is particularly suitable for silage preparation owing to its high soluble carbohydrate content (ALIBES et al, 1984 ;PIRMOHAMMADI et al, 2006 ;FANG, 2009 ;FANG et al, 2016a). However, few studies have focused on FAP silage as pig feed.…”

Application and optimization of solid-state fermentation process for enhancing polygalacturonase production by Penicillium expansum

“…where, Y was polygalacturonase activity; α 0 was the intercept term; α 1 , α 2 and α 3 were linear coefficients; α 12 , α 13 and α 23 were interaction coefficients; α 11 , α 22 and α 33 were squared coefficients, and X 1 , X 2 and X 3 were coded independent variables. The experimental design and regression analysis were performed using software DPS 7.05.…”

A novel feedstuff: ensiling of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) stover and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) mixtures. Evaluation of the nutritive value, fermentation quality and aerobic stability

“…According to Wadhwa and Bakshi, out of the total world production, 30–40% of apples are damaged and are discarded owing to their low calibre, presence of stains and deformations, among others, and therefore not marketed, thus representing a total residue of 24–32 Mt. In northern Portugal, these losses correspond to 15–30% of the total production, representing 13 000–17 000 t. The utilization of apple pomace as livestock feed has been evaluated, mainly for ruminant diets owing to the high content of pectins and sugars, which are rapidly fermented in the rumen . Rodrigues et al .…”

“…In northern Portugal, these losses correspond to 15-30% of the total production, representing 13 000-17 000 t. The utilization of apple pomace as livestock feed has been evaluated, 14 -17 mainly for ruminant diets owing to the high content of pectins and sugars, which are rapidly fermented in the rumen. 14,16 Rodrigues et al 18 studied the nutritive value of discarded apple and wheat straw mixtures as an alternative ruminant feed and observed that silage mixtures of these two feeds were appropriate for animal feeding. The preparation of silages from apple pomace and straw mixtures has also been suggested in other studies.…”