Effects of apical meristem loss on sylleptic branching and growth of hybrid poplar

Zeleznik, Joseph D.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.01.024

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The variations of gene transcription profiles in the outgrowing buds showed a temporal shift proportional to the distance from the cut. This was in agreement with the bud break of inhibited sylleptic buds, which occurred in temporal progression according to the increasing distance from the cut (Zeleznik 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Expression ofAux/IAAgenes during development of sylleptic and proleptic buds in white poplar

Terzoli

Beritognolo

Giovannelli

et al. 2011

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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In this study, the genes of the Aux/IAA family were used as functional markers to characterise bud break stages in a white poplar clone. In the first experiment, under greenhouse conditions, the sprouting of repressed sylleptic buds was obtained by pruning the shoot tip during growing season. Buds were collected at 0, 6, 24 and 48 h after pruning for molecular analyses. A decrease in transcript level of IAA4 and IAA8 genes was observed in the first and second bud below the cut after 6 and 24 h, respectively. In the second experiment, bud break of post-dormant proleptic buds was induced by forcing in climatic chamber. The first 6 and the following 6 buds below the apical one were sampled every 48 h during forcing. Anatomical studies were also carried out on buds and plants were equipped with stem and bud radial growth sensors to check their swelling. In both experiments, gene expression patterns showed a decrease and a successive increase in expression of IAA4 and IAA8 genes during bud break. The transient down-regulation of these genes was observed only in buds that formed new branches. Thus, similar molecular mechanisms are involved in bud break of both sylleptic and proleptic buds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Expression ofAux/IAAgenes during development of sylleptic and proleptic buds in white poplar

Terzoli

Beritognolo

Giovannelli

et al. 2011

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent studies show evidence for phenotypic accommodation in a variety of other stem traits, including hydraulics, biomechanics, and biomass accumulation rates (Tateno & Bae 1990; Weitz et al. 2006; Rosell & Olson 2007; Zeleznik 2007). Within species, the question of how ontogenetic buffering mechanisms maintain crown–stem scaling and other vital proportionalities offers a nexus to unite studies of signalling and growth regulation in a single adaptive theme (Niklas 2005; Telewski 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to the crown-stem relationship, this ontogenetic buffering includes replacement of lost foliage by rapid shoot growth, and replacement of wounds to the trunk by locally accelerated cambial activity (Hejnowicz 1997;Gibert et al 2006;Kramer 2006;Schulgasser & Witztum 2007). Recent studies show evidence for phenotypic accommodation in a variety of other stem traits, including hydraulics, biomechanics, and biomass accumulation rates (Tateno & Bae 1990;Weitz et al 2006;Zeleznik 2007). Within species, the question of how ontogenetic buffering mechanisms maintain crown-stem scaling and other vital proportionalities offers a nexus to unite studies of signalling and growth regulation in a single adaptive theme (Niklas 2005;Telewski 2006).…”

Section: Discussion Perturbation Plasticity and Universal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal foliage‐stem scaling across environments and species in dicot trees: plasticity, biomechanics and Corner’s Rules

2009

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Trees range from small-leaved, intricately branched species with slender stems to large-leaved, coarsely branched ones with thick stems. We suggest a mechanism for this pattern, known as Corner's Rules, based on universal scaling. We show similar crown area-stem diameter scaling between trunks and branches, environments, and species spanning a wide range of leaf size and stem biomechanics. If crown and stem maintain metabolically driven proportionality, but similar amounts of photosynthates are produced per unit crown area, then the greater leaf spacing in large-leaved species requires lower density stem tissue and, meeting mechanical needs, thicker stems. Congruent with this scenario, we show a negative relationship between leaf size and stem Young's modulus. Corner's Rules emerge from these mutual adjustments, which suggest that adaptive studies cannot consider any of these features independently. The constancy of scaling despite environmental challenges identifies this trait constellation as a crucial axis of plant diversification.

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“…While not statistically significant, the exclosure experiment supported these field observations with nearly twice the biomass removed along the Lamar during the summer than along the Gardner and fewer stems were consumed during the winter than during the summer. Removal of apical buds during the growing season can have a significant impact on cottonwoods by increasing lateral branching (Zeleznik, ), which may result in a 40% increase in branch biomass (Coyle, Hart, McMillin, Rule, & Hall, ). Stem removal early in the growing season can increase branching by 2–6 times over non‐browsed plants, while removal late in the season may have little influence on branching (Zeleznik, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of floods and herbivory on cottonwood establishment and growth in Yellowstone National Park

Rose

Cooper

2016

Ecohydrology

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Herbivory by ungulates can shape the structure and function of riparian forests. However, our understanding of the interactions between herbivores and cottonwoods (Populus spp.) is largely derived from studies of domestic livestock grazing and may not reflect free ranging herds of wild ungulates. In this study, we quantified the influence of stream hydrologic regime and herbivory by wild ungulates on cottonwood establishment and growth along three rivers in Yellowstone National Park's northern range. Approximately 1.36 of the existing 1.37 million cottonwoods representing approximately 66% of the cottonwood stand area in Yellowstone's northern range was established between 1995 and 2008 by the largest flood sequence in recorded history. Coincidentally, the flood sequence began in the years immediately following wolf (Canis lupus) reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park. The flows caused large‐scale channel changes and provided suitable habitat for cottonwood seedling establishment and survival. Over 92% of the cottonwoods occurred along the Lamar River, and recruitment along this river appears to follow infrequent large peak flows. Soda Butte Creek and the Gardner River cottonwoods exhibited nearly annual recruitment. The resulting cottonwood biomass from the flooding events has exceeded herbivore demand. Even at relatively low consumption rates, bison are able to remove a significant proportion of total cottonwood production in the study areas limiting plant height and forage available to wintering elk. We conclude that the large cottonwood recruitment event that began in the late 1990s was due to a rare series of large snowmelt‐driven floods.

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Effects of apical meristem loss on sylleptic branching and growth of hybrid poplar

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Expression ofAux/IAAgenes during development of sylleptic and proleptic buds in white poplar

Expression ofAux/IAAgenes during development of sylleptic and proleptic buds in white poplar

Universal foliage‐stem scaling across environments and species in dicot trees: plasticity, biomechanics and Corner’s Rules

The influence of floods and herbivory on cottonwood establishment and growth in Yellowstone National Park

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