Effects of Apatinib Mesylate Monotherapy on the Incidence of Adverse Reactions and Immune Function in Patients with Breast Cancer after Radical Mastectomy

Lin, Sen; Zang, Meichun

doi:10.1155/2022/4022282

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In recent years, with the increase of women's life and work pressure, the incidence of breast cancer has also been rising, and it is expanding toward a younger group [ 14 , 15 ]. At present, radical surgery is the preferred solution for the treatment of breast cancer [ 16 , 17 ]. However, breast cancer is a systemic disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Serum Fructosamine as Diagnostic Marker of Postoperative Recurrence in the Patients with Breast Cancer

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2023

BioMed Research International

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Objectives. A series of laboratory parameters were screened to identify the proper serum markers that could be used to predict breast cancer recurrence at an early stage. Methods. A case-control retrospective study on 224 patients without postoperative recurrence and 43 patients with postoperative recurrence of breast cancer was performed. The edgeR software package was used to identify the test indicators expressed differently between the two groups. Univariate analysis was used to screen for diagnostic marker that could predict postoperative recurrence of breast cancer. In addition, the differential test indicators at different time points from surgery to recurrence were collected in patients with postoperative recurrence of breast cancer as a verification database. Results. We screened out three test indicators (TBA, GSP, and URBC) for differential expression, which were all expressed downregulated in the postoperative recurrence group of breast cancer. Univariate analysis suggested that only the difference in GSP levels between the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.001 ). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of GSP was 0.662, while the area under the curve of GSP+AFP+CEA+CA125+CA153+age was increased to 0.828. In addition, serum GSP levels were significantly reduced after recurrence compared with before recurrence in breast cancer patients ( P < 0.01 ). Conclusions. In summary, GSP could be used for early diagnosis of breast cancer recurrence after surgery, and the predicted value of combining GSP, tumor markers, and age was better than that of individual indicators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Serum Fructosamine as Diagnostic Marker of Postoperative Recurrence in the Patients with Breast Cancer

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2023

BioMed Research International

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“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi, as publisher, following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication and peer-review process.…”

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confidence: 99%

Retracted: Effects of Apatinib Mesylate Monotherapy on the Incidence of Adverse Reactions and Immune Function in Patients with Breast Cancer after Radical Mastectomy

and Alternative Medicine

2023

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Tumor Targeting with Apatinib-loaded Nanoparticles and Sonodynamic Combined Therapy

Han

Zhou

Luo

et al. 2024

CMM

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Introduction: This study implies the enhancement of apatinib killing effect in 4T1 tumor cells through constructing drug-loaded nanoparticles apatinib/Ce6@ZIF-8@Membranes (aCZM) to enhance tumor therapeutic targeting and reduce toxic side following sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Methods: apatinib/Ce6@ZIF-8 (aCZ) were synthesized by in situ encapsulation, and aCZM were constructed by encapsulating the nanoparticles with extracted breast cancer 4T1 cell membranes. aCZM were characterized and tested for the stability by electron microscopy, and the membrane proteins on the nanoparticles’ surface were assessed using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The cell viability of 4T1 cells following treatment with aCZM was tested using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The uptake of nanoparticles was detected by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, and the SDT-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was verified by singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG), electron spin resonance (ESR), and DCFH-DA fluorescent probes. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry using Calcein/PI were used to assess the antitumoral effect of aCZM nanoparticles under SDT. The biosafety of aCZM was further verified in vitro and in vivo using the hemolysis assay, routine blood test and H&E staining of vital organs in Balb/c mice. Results: aCZM with an average particle size of about 210.26 nm were successfully synthesized. The results of the SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis experiment showed that aCZM have a band similar to that of pure cell membrane proteins. The CCK-8 assay demonstrated the absence of effects on cell viability at a low concentration range, and the relative cell survival rate reached more than 95%. Laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis showed that aCZM treated group has the strongest fluorescence and the highest cellular uptake of nanoparticles. SOSG, ESR, and DCFH-DA fluorescent probes all indicated that the aCZM + SDT treated group has the highest ROS production. The CCK-8 assay also showed that when the ultrasound intensity was fixed at 0.5 W/cm2, the relative cell survival rates in the medium concentration group (10 μg/ml) (5.54 ± 1.26%) and the high concentration group (20 μg/ml) (2.14 ± 1.63%) were significantly lower than those in the low concentration group (5 μg/ml) (53.40 ± 4.25%). Moreover, there was a concentration and intensity dependence associated with the cell-killing effect. The mortality rate of the aCZM in the ultrasound group (44.95±3.03%) was significantly higher than that of the non-ultrasound (17.00±2.26%) group and aCZ + SDT group (24.85 ± 3.08%) (P<0.0001). The live and dead cells’ staining (Calcein/PI) also supported this result. Finally, in vitro hemolysis test at 4 and 24 hours showed that the hemolysis rate of the highest concentration group was less than 1%. The blood routine, biochemistry, and H&E staining results of major organs in Balb/c mice undergoing nano-treatments showed no obvious functional abnormalities and tissue damage in 30 days. Conclusion: In this study, a multifunctional bionic drug delivery nanoparticles (aCZM) system with good biosafety and compatibility in response to acoustic dynamics was successfully constructed and characterized. This system enhanced apatinib killing effect on tumor cells and reduced toxic side effects under SDT.

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Effects of Apatinib Mesylate Monotherapy on the Incidence of Adverse Reactions and Immune Function in Patients with Breast Cancer after Radical Mastectomy

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of Serum Fructosamine as Diagnostic Marker of Postoperative Recurrence in the Patients with Breast Cancer

Evaluation of Serum Fructosamine as Diagnostic Marker of Postoperative Recurrence in the Patients with Breast Cancer

Retracted: Effects of Apatinib Mesylate Monotherapy on the Incidence of Adverse Reactions and Immune Function in Patients with Breast Cancer after Radical Mastectomy

Tumor Targeting with Apatinib-loaded Nanoparticles and Sonodynamic Combined Therapy

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