Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on Neurogenesis in the Forebrain of the Adult Rat

Wang, Huidong; Dunnavant, Floyd D; Jarman, T. Francis; Deutch, Ariel Y.

doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300449

Cited by 153 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…In primates, treatment with atypical antipsychotics led to prefrontal glial cell proliferation and cortical hypertrophy [89]. In rats, olanzapine stimulates glial cell division in the frontal cortex [85]. Thus, atypical antipsychotics may reduce disturbed myelination and abnormally severe dendritic pruning and/or neurotoxic ablation of synapses [49,90,91] in patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Antipsychotic Action On Brain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

Smieskova

Fusar‐Poli²,

Allen³

et al. 2009

CPD

185

131

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Abstract:Despite a large number of neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia reporting subtle brain abnormalities, we do not know to what extent such abnormalities reflect the effects of antipsychotic treatment on brain structure. We therefore systematically reviewed cross-sectional and follow-up structural brain imaging studies of patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. 30 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were identified, 24 of them being longitudinal and six cross-sectional structural imaging studies. In patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics, reduced gray matter volume was described, particularly in the frontal and temporal lobes. Structural neuroimaging studies indicate that treatment with typical as well as atypical antipsychotics may affect regional gray matter (GM) volume. In particular, typical antipsychotics led to increased gray matter volume of the basal ganglia, while atypical antipsychotics reversed this effect after switching. Atypical antipsychotics, however, seem to have no effect on basal ganglia structure.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Antipsychotic Action On Brain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atypical antipsychotics reduce oxidative stress [85] and stimulate the synthesis of trophic molecules [85][86][87][88]. In primates, treatment with atypical antipsychotics led to prefrontal glial cell proliferation and cortical hypertrophy [89].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Antipsychotic Action On Brain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

Smieskova

Fusar‐Poli²,

Allen³

et al. 2009

CPD

185

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Post mortem data revealed decreased numbers of intracortical oligodendrocytes, decreased expression of myelin-related genes, and decreased levels of myelin markers (Chambers and Perrone-Bizzozero, 2004;Flynn et al, 2003;Hakak et al, 2001;Hof et al, 2002;Peirce et al, 2006;Schmitt et al, 2004;Tkachev et al, 2003;Uranova et al, 2005;Uranova et al, 2004). In adults with schizophrenia atypical antipsychotics could be differentially impacting this dysregulated developmental process when compared to typical antipsychotics (Cahir et al, 2005;Garver et al, 2005;Kodama et al, 2004;Lieberman et al, 2005;Molina et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2004a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on brain myelination in schizophrenia

Bartzokis

Nuechterlein

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

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Context-Imaging and post-mortem studies provide converging evidence that patients with schizophrenia have a dysregulated developmental trajectory of frontal lobe myelination even in adulthood. Atypical antipsychotics have been shown to have a wide spectrum of efficacy across multiple psychiatric diseases and to be particularly efficacious in treatment resistant cases of disorders such as schizophrenia.Objective-To test the a priori hypothesis that antipsychotic medications may differentially impact frontal lobe myelination in patients with schizophrenia.Design, setting, and participants-Participants ranged in age from 18-35 years, were all male, and were recruited by a single group of investigators using the same criteria. Two cohorts of subjects with schizophrenia early in their disease who were treated either with oral risperidone (Ris) or fluphenazine decanoate (Fd) were imaged in conjunction with cohorts of healthy controls. Each cohort was imaged using a different MRI instrument using identical imaging sequences. Main outcome measure-MRI measures of frontal lobe white matter volume.Results-We estimated differences due to differences in the MRI instruments used in the two studies in the two healthy control groups matched to the patient samples, adjusting for age and other covariates. We then statistically removed those differences (which we assumed were instrument artifacts) from the data in the schizophrenia samples by subtraction. Relative to the differences seen in controls, the two groups of schizophrenic patients differed in their pattern of frontal lobe structure with the Ris-treated group having significantly larger white matter volume than the Fd group.

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“…Previous studies using olanzapine, which is an atypical antipsychotic similar to clozapine, showed an increase in glial cell division and cortical hypertrophy in rats. 39 Such effects of clozapine may also explain its action on gray matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional neuroimaging findings associated with the use of clozapine in schizophrenia: a systematic review

Garcia

Chagas

Silva

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders, and its current treatment relies on antipsychotic medications with only partial effectiveness. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic with a specific profile of action indicated for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies assessing the effects of clozapine could help shed light on the neural underpinnings of the effects of this drug in the brain. The objective of this study was to review the available literature on the structural and functional neuroimaging findings associated with use of clozapine. Method: We conducted a systematic review of the indexed literature using the PubMed, BIREME, and ISI Web of Knowledge search engines and the following keywords: clozapine, neuroimaging, computed tomography, MRI, functional magnetic resonance, PET, SPECT, and DTI. Results: A total of 23 articles were included in the review. In structural studies, the use of clozapine was associated with volume reductions in the basal ganglia, especially the caudate nucleus, where functional neuroimaging studies also found decreased perfusion. In the frontal lobe, clozapine treatment was associated with increased gray matter volume and reduced perfusion. Conclusion:The results of the studies reviewed suggest that the use of clozapine is associated with distinctive structural and functional neuroimaging findings that are not shared with other antipsychotics.

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Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on Neurogenesis in the Forebrain of the Adult Rat

Cited by 153 publications

References 59 publications

The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

Differential effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on brain myelination in schizophrenia

Structural and functional neuroimaging findings associated with the use of clozapine in schizophrenia: a systematic review

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