Effects of antidepressants on skilled performance.

Linnoila, Markku; Johnson, J.; Dubyoski, Kristine V.; Buchsbaum, Monte S.; Schneinin, Mika; Kilts, Clinton D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02589.x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is important to include this drug when considering the relevance of the influence of antidepressants on neurotransmitter systems to predict effects on memory. Available evidence on this drug was promising, suggesting no effects including measures of memory (Ferris et al, 1980;Hindmarch et al, 1983;Linnoila et al, , 1984. A study of particular note was reported by Weingartner and colleagues in 1983.…”

Section: Zimeldinementioning

confidence: 98%

Antidepressants and memory: A review

Thompson

1991

Human Psychopharmacology

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Antidepressant medications have been in general use since the late 1950s. Many patients are treated as outpatients and often continue with their normal routines during treatment. Individuals may undertake activities where any change in memory functioning, negative or positive, might have important consequences. Furthermore, many antidepressants have similar efficacy. Information about differential effects upon memory would seem valuable information for the clinician to have at his or her disposal. This paper reviews available evidence on the effects of antidepressants on human memory. Many studies have involved the single or short‐term administration of antidepressants to healthy volunteers, thereby not acknowledging that depression per se has a negative impact on memory processes. Even in the studies on patient samples, groups very with regard to type and severity of depression, dosage and duration of treatment. Limited evidence, however, does suggest that antidepressants may exert differential effects upon memory functioning which could be predicted from their action on specific neurotransmitter system.

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Section: Zimeldinementioning

confidence: 98%

Antidepressants and memory: A review

Thompson

1991

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…Other subjective scales could be grouped under 'craving', 'dizziness', 'drug effect', 'psychomimetic', 'sleep' or 'symptoms'. Sternberg numerical memory reaction time [53], Choice reaction time [16,46], Visual reaction time [24], Sternberg additive factor method [40], Sternberg additive factor method -reaction time [2], Alphabetical reaction test [17,72], Letter/digit differentiation reaction time [53], Choice reaction time angles [42,78], Reaction time [17,48,54,58,72], Choice reaction time decision time [21], Viennese determination apparatus [17,72], Viennese reaction apparatus [48], Words reaction time [61], Choice reaction time words [42,78], Letter matching reaction time [53] [27], TCI cooperativeness [27], TCI selfdirectiveness [27], TCI reward dependence [27], TCI self-transcendence [27], TCI harm avoidance [27], Enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire [35], Comray personality scale [35], Quality of life (SASS) [68], General well-being schedule [35], Hamilton depression scale [35], Hamilton anxiety scale [35], PANAS mood [68] Scale nausea VAS nausea [19,32,61] Scale performance VAS effort drive …”

Section: Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in healthy subjects

Dumont

Visser

Cohen

et al. 2005

Brit J Clinical Pharma

100

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AimsStudies of novel centrally acting drugs in healthy volunteers are traditionally concerned with kinetics and tolerability, but useful information may also be obtained from biomarkers of clinical endpoints. This paper provides a systematic overview of CNStests used with SSRIs in healthy subjects. A useful biomarker should meet the following requirements: a consistent response across studies and drugs; a clear response of the biomarker to a therapeutic dose; a dose-response relationship; a plausible relationship between biomarker, pharmacology and pathogenesis. MethodsThese criteria were applied to all individual tests found in studies of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), performed in healthy subjects since 1966, identified with a systematic MedLine search. Separate databases were created to evaluate the effects of single or multiple dose SSRI-studies, and for amitriptyline whenever the original report included this antidepressant as a positive control. Doses of the antidepressant were divided into high-and low-dose ranges, relative to a medium range of therapeutic doses. For each test, the drug effects were scored as statistically significant impairment/ decrease (-), improvement/increase ( + ) or no change ( = ) relative to placebo.Results 56 single dose studies and 22 multiple dose studies were identified, investigating the effects of 13 different SSRIs on 171 variants of neuropsychological tests, which could be clustered into seven neuropsychological domains. Low single doses of SSRIs generally stimulated tests of attention and memory. High doses tended to impair visual/auditory and visuomotor systems and subjective per formance, while showing an acceleration in motor function. The most pronounced effects were observed using tests that measure flicker discrimination (improvement at low doses: 75%, medium doses: 40%, high doses: 43% of studies); REM sleep (inconsistent decrease after medium doses, decrease in 83% of studies after high doses); and EEG recordings, predominantly in alpha (decrease in 60% and 43% of studies after low and medium doses, respectively) and in theta activity (increase in 43% and 33% of studies after medium and high doses, respectively). Amitriptyline generally impaired central nervous system (CNS) functions, which increased with doses. Multiple doses caused less pronounced effects on the reported tests. The most responsive tests to amitriptyline appeared to be EEG alpha and theta, and REM sleep duration. ConclusionsSSRIs in healthy subjects appear to cause slight stimulating effects after low doses, which tend to diminish with dose. The most consistent effects were observed with flicker discrimination tests, EEG (alpha and beta bands), REM sleep duration, and subjective effects at higher doses. These effects are small compared with amitriptyline and other CNS-active drugs. Multiple dosing with SSRIs caused even fewer measur-G. J. H. Dumont et al. 49659 :5 Br J Clin Pharmacol

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“…Three of the most sedative compounds with potent H I antihistaminic properties, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine and amitriptyline, all consistently increased body sway. Drugs with anticonvulsant properties (phenytoin, amylobarbitone, meproba- Franks et al, 1976Franks et al, 1977Seppala et al, 1982Starmer and Bird, 1984Linnoila et al, 1984Hill et al, 1982 Linnoila et ol., 1984Scott et al, 1982Franks et al, 1975Franks et al, 1976Crawford et al, 1976Franks et al, 1981Bond and Lader, 1986Franks et al, 1978Franks et al, 1976Franks et al, 1979Belgrave et al, 1979aBelgrave et al, 1979bLinnoila et al, 1984Scott et al, 1982Bond and Lader, 1986Scott et al, 1982 Seppala et al, 1982Castleden et al, 1987Castleden et al, 1987Mattila et al, 1984McClelland 1987bNicholson et al, 1988Nikaido and Ellinwood, 1987Nikaido and Ellinwood, 1987Briggs et al, 1980Swift et al, 1987aMattila et al, 1984Nikaido and Ellinwood, 1987Nikaido and Ellinwood, 1987Hill et al, 1982 mate, tetrahydrocannabinol) also increased sway. Psychostimulants/ cerebral activating drugs (dexamphetamine, caffeine, Hydergine and denbufylline) all showed no significant effect on sway.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body sway is also a sensitive measure of the effects of benzodiazepines, as good as the most dis- 8 12 12 12 17 15 10 13 12 20 12 12 12 12 8 12 12 12 12 12 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 17 8 12 12 12 12 1984Stromberg and Mattila, 1985Dorian et al, 1983McCelland, 1987bEysenck and Easterbrook, 1960Nicholson et al, 1988Seppala et al, 1982Seppala et al, 1982Franks et al, 1975Belgrave et al, 1979bBriggs et al, 1980Franks et al, 1978McClelland et al, in prep. Franks et al, 1979McClelland, 1987bMcClelland, 1987bLinnoila et al, 1984McClelland, 1987bEysenck and Easterbrook, 1960Cohen et al, 1984Cohen et al, 1984Cohen et al, 1984Cohen et al, 1985Telekes et al, 1987Stromberg and Mattila, 1985McClelland, 1987bMcClelland et al, in prep. McClelland, 1987bCohen et al, 1986Cohen et al, 1985Cohen et al, 1986Cohen et al, 1985Franks et al, 1981Eysenck and Easterbrook, 1960…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body sway and the effects of psychoactive drugs — a review

McClelland

1989

Human Psychopharmacology

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The published literature on the effects of single oral doses of psychoactive drugs on body sway in normal healthy young volunteers has been reviewed. Several methods are used to quantify sway objectively, including mechanical devices, balance platforms, and non-contact techniques. No one method emerges as being most appropriate for use in psychopharmacology. Total sway path and Fourier analysis are the variables commonly studied. Although many factors can influence sway they have little impact on well-designed studies. Ethanol has been consistently shown to increase body sway at doses above 0.5 g/ kg, benzodiazepines also increase sway; both probably acting at a central site(s). Various other psychoactive drugs have been shown to increase sway; however, none has yet been shown to decrease the amount of sway in normal subjects. The objective measurement of body sway is therefore a useful test for inclusion in a battery of tests for studies in human psychopharmacology. It also has a potential application in other areas of research requiring the assessment of central nervous system function, and in other subject groups, such as the elderly.

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Effects of antidepressants on skilled performance.

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Antidepressants and memory: A review

Antidepressants and memory: A review

Biomarkers for the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in healthy subjects

Body sway and the effects of psychoactive drugs — a review

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