Effects of antibiotics on soil microorganisms: time and nutrients influence pollution-induced community tolerance

Changes in functional diversity of soil microbial community with addition of antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and chlortetracycline

“…In the present study, antibiotic addition caused an improvement of soil microbial community function than the control in the late incubation period. This may indicate that antibiotics could act as nutrients for soil microbial growth (Schmitt et al 2005;Thiele-Bruhn and Beck 2005;Westergaard et al 2001). Similar results had been reported that fungicides and insecticides increased bacterial biomass because they were also used as carbon and nutrient sources for microbial growth (Cycoń et al 2006;Monkiedje et al 2002;Wang et al 2004).…”

“…Sulfanomides and tetracyclines had different adsorption tendency to soil, and CTC had shown strong adsorption to soil organic matter and clay minerals (Kemper 2008;Zielezny et al 2006). The strong adsorption of tetracyclines with soil resulted in low bioavailability for soil bacteria and mitigated the antibacterial effects (Sarmah et al 2006;Schmitt et al 2005;Thiele-Bruhn 2003). Reduction of antibiotic concentration reflected loss of antibiotic effect on microbial activity (Halling-Sørensen et al 2003).…”

Effect of sulfonamide antibiotics on microbial diversity and activity in a Californian Mollic Haploxeralf

“…Changes in microbial community patterns due to antibiotics were observed in these studies. However, effects of sulfonamides were only observed after the input of a carbon source like glucose, straw, or manure which initiated bacterial growth (Hammesfahr et al 200S;Schmitt et al 2005;Thiele-Bruhn and Beck 2005;Zielezny et al 2006).…”

Residualidad de sustancias xenobióticas en el suelo empleadas en la producción pecuaria

“…El efecto de estas sustancias en las poblaciones microbiales del suelo, dependerá del tiempo de exposición, tipo de antibiótico, tipo de microorganismo y a la adición de nutrientes (Schmitt et al 2005).…”