Effects of Anthropogenic Particles on the Chemical and Geophysical Properties of Urban Soils, Detroit, Michigan

Assessment and Monitoring of Soil Degradation during Land Use Change Using Multivariate Analysis

“…The CEC had a relationship with MWD (β = 1·26), LC (β = 0·8), pH (β = 0·38), CCE (β = 0·39), OC (β = À0·16), and clay (β = À0·08). Building materials should significantly increase CCE and pH in urban lands (Khaledian et al, 2012;Howard & Orlicki, 2015), whereas the relationship between OC and CEC, which was low but negative, is contrary to previous studies (Emadi et al, 2009;Marzaioli et al, 2010;Czarnecki & Düring, 2015;Mahmoud & El-Kader, 2015). Urban soil carbon concentrations in the current study ranged from 0·91% to 5·45%.…”

“…Soil quality in urban settings has been poorly assessed (Zornoza et al, ); therefore, work in this area is needed. Comparable with some previous studies (Shaoshan et al, ; Emadi et al ., ; Nadeu et al, ), the current study found elevated values of EC, % sand, K + , Ca 2+ , K + , CCE, and MC in urban soils, suggesting anthropogenic sources (Howard & Orlicki, ; Howard & Orlicki, ) and increased values of BD and DS likely due to anthropogenic effects such as heavy and frequent machinery traffic (Beesley, ; Howard & Orlicki, ; Prosdocimi et al, ). The values of the other variables (MWD, CEC, LC, SMR, OC, Mg 2+ , % silt, % clay, pH, and F) were lower in urban soils than in forest soils, indicating that they may also be affected by intensive human activities.…”

“…Spatial heterogeneity has been reported in urban soils (Howard & Orlicki, ; Ibáñez et al, ; Howard & Orlicki, ). Spatially significant variations were apparent in this study as indicated by CA, showing remarkable spatial heterogeneity in the urban soils due to anthropogenic activities such as urbanization and home construction around the Zirata village (Tajgardan et al, ; Khaledian et al, ).…”

“…It can be expected then that Ca 2+ will dominate cation exchange sites; Ca +2 is typically one of the major cations found on soil exchange sites (Murphy, 2014). In the urban land use, more variables were significantly correlated to CEC, which was possibly because of the use of and weathering of building materials that may affect CEC and the other variables that influence it (Khaledian et al, 2011;Howard & Orlicki, 2015). The CEC had a relationship with MWD (β = 1·26), LC (β = 0·8), pH (β = 0·38), CCE (β = 0·39), OC (β = À0·16), and clay (β = À0·08).…”

“…The values of the other variables (MWD, CEC, LC, SMR, OC, Mg 2+ , % silt, % clay, pH, and F) were lower in urban soils than in forest soils, indicating that they may also be affected by intensive human activities. SP increased in urban lands, likely because of human activities such as urban development and the use of building materials in the area (Howard & Orlicki, ). In urban land, low overall vegetation cover, soil compaction, and sealing due to machinery traffic and depletion of organic matter would increase soil erosion in the long term as compared with forest lands (Prosdocimi et al, ).…”