Effects of anthocyanin‐rich tea “Sunrouge” on dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis in mice

Abstract

Sunrouge, an anthocyanin-rich tea, has similar levels of catechins as "Yabukita," the most popular green tea cultivar consumed in Japan. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) have attracted interest due to their potent antioxidative activities combined with a lack of side effects in humans at normal consumption levels. However, we previously reported that high doses (0.5 and 1%) of dietary GTPs can result in deterioration of colitis and failed to prevent colon carcinogenesis in inflamed colons. In the present study, we determined the inhibitory effects of Sunrouge on colitis in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated and untreated control mice. Five-week-old female ICR mice were administered a single dose of Yabukita or Sunrouge (extracts in 1 mL distilled water) via a stomach tube for 3 weeks. After 1 week of treatment, the mice were divided into four groups (two Yabukita and two Sunrouge groups) and given drinking water with or without 3% DSS for 2 weeks, then they were euthanized. Those treated with DSS developed watery diarrhea and bloody stools, and showed body weight loss, spleen hypertrophy, and shortening of the colon, as well as deteriorations in survival rate, liver function, colon mucosal interleukin-1β level and expression of phase II detoxification enzyme mRNA. Sunrouge improved these DSS-induced symptoms, at least in part, whereas Yabukita showed either no effect or adverse effects in regard to some those parameters. It is suggested that the differences between Yabukita and Sunrouge on DSS-induced colitis might be due to the high levels of anthocyanins found in Sunrouge tea.

Polyphenol‐rich grape pomace extracts protect against dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis in rats

“…Since all rats received the same amount of dietary polyphenols, these differences could be related to the nature of polyphenols, mainly anthocyanins, but also to the presence of grape pomace fibers in the Alicante‐P GPE. The anthocyanin content of Alicante GPEs may play a beneficial role, as suggested by various recent studies . Recently, Nishiumi et al reported that a red grape pomace extract was more potent than a white grape extract devoid of anthocyanins in terms of regulating inflammation in the liver.…”

Cooked navy and black bean diets improve biomarkers of colon health and reduce inflammation during colitis

“…4). However, compared with the BD+DSS dietary treatment, only the BB diet reduced the colonic mRNA expression of IL-17A , indicating an additional anti-inflammatory benefit that could be attributed to the presence of anthocyanins, which have been shown to reduce colitis severity ( 118 , 119 ) . Collectively, our data demonstrate that bean phenolic compounds may account, at least in part, for the observed reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, which contributes to the decrease in the severity of the colitis phenotype.…”

Catechins and Their Therapeutic Benefits to Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Catechins are known as a type of polyphenols naturally occurring in certain foods and medicinal plants, such as legumes, Rubiaceae , stem bark of the fabaceae species, including the Mimosoideae subfamily, such as Abarema cochliacarpos , teas (green tea, pu-erh tea, pu-erh green tea), Mouriri pusa Gardn, buckwheat, grapes, cocoa beans, litchis, and apples [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Catechins have been regarded as the characteristic compounds in green tea for daily beverage and crude medicine in Asia, especially in China and Japan, for thousands of years.…”

“…EGCG, which accounts for almost 50% of the total catechins content of green tea extracts, makes up to 30% of the dry weight of green tea leaves [ 40 ], and has the strongest chemopreventive potential containing anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic effects among the green tea catechins which contain EC, EGC, and EGCG [ 3 , 41 , 42 ]. Over the past few years, catechins have attracted interest due to their presumed roles in various physiological accommodative activities, such as anti-hypertensive [ 9 ], antibacterial [ 36 ], anti-inflammatory [ 29 , 43 ], and antioxidative activities [ 34 , 40 , 44 , 45 ], and as a protective effect from atherosclerosis. Moreover, increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that catechins could also possess the anti-carcinogenic activity in many experimental systems and in many kinds of organs, including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, lung, liver, pancreas, skin, prostate, mammary gland, and bladder [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”