Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on Muscular Strength

Elashoff, Janet D.; Jacknow, Alan D.; Shain, S. G.; Braunstein, Glenn D.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-115-5-387

Cited by 126 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Strangely enough, medicine had turned a blind eye on APEDs. For a long time, scientific medicine even negated positive effects by AASs on muscle mass and strength, as documented in a 1991 meta-analysis concluding from a Medline search for publications ) that there was no convincing evidence that AASs were increasing muscle power (97). This conclusion was partly based on the fact that AASs doses used in academic studies were in the range of therapeutic replacement doses, far below the doses and combinations used in the real doping world.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions

Nieschlag

Vorona

2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

183

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are appearance and performance-enhancing drugs (APEDs) used in competitive athletics, in recreational sports, and by body-builders. The global lifetime prevalence of AASs abuse is 6.4% for males and 1.6% for women. Many AASs, often obtained from the internet and dubious sources, have not undergone proper testing and are consumed at extremely high doses and in irrational combinations, also along with other drugs. Controlled clinical trials investigating undesired side effects are lacking because ethical restrictions prevent exposing volunteers to potentially toxic regimens, obscuring a causal relationship between AASs abuse and possible sequelae. Because of the negative feedback in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, in men AASs cause reversible suppression of spermatogenesis, testicular atrophy, infertility, and erectile dysfunction (anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism). Should spermatogenesis not recover after AASs abuse, a pre-existing fertility disorder may have resurfaced. AASs frequently cause gynecomastia and acne. In women, AASs may disrupt ovarian function. Chronic strenuous physical activity leads to menstrual irregularities and, in severe cases, to the female athlete triad (low energy intake, menstrual disorders and low bone mass), making it difficult to disentangle the effects of sports and AASs. Acne, hirsutism and (irreversible) deepening of the voice are further consequences of AASs misuse. There is no evidence that AASs cause breast carcinoma. Detecting AASs misuse through the control network of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) not only aims to guarantee fair conditions for athletes, but also to protect them from medical sequelae of AASs abuse.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions

Nieschlag

Vorona

2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

183

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Embora tenha sido relatado que o uso de EAA associado ao exercício físico resistido possa estimular a proliferação e a diferenciação de células satélite, bem como o número de mionúcleos e o tamanho individual de cada fibra muscular (36,42), outros trabalhos não evidenciaram efeitos significativos dos EAA sobre os mesmos parâmetros (2,16). Os efeitos placebo, diferenças musculares de sensibilidade ao hormônio e a variabilidade individual (4) poderiam explicar estas diferenças.…”

Section: Gruposunclassified

“…Considerando que o treinamento físico resistido através de saltos em meio líquido é um dos modelos experimentais empregados para o estudo das respostas fisiológicas frente ao exercício (14), que o sóleo é um dos principais músculos utilizados durante o mesmo (15) e que a relação entre o uso de doses supra-fisiológicas de EAA e os efeitos do treinamento sobre os processos de hipertrofia muscular não estão claros (2,16,17), o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar em ratos os efeitos da nandrolona e do treinamento físico resistido sobre as respostas hipertróficas do músculo sóleo. …”

unclassified

A administração de nandrolona não promove hipertrofia do músculo sóleo em ratos

Cunha

Tanno

Marcondes

et al. 2006

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMOOs esteróides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) são compostos formados a partir da testosterona ou um de seus derivados, sendo amplamente utilizados por desportistas amadores e profissionais com o objetivo de melhorar a performance atlética. Entretanto, a literatura a respeito da relação entre EAA e hipertrofia muscular é controversa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da nandrolona e do treinamento físico sobre a hipertrofia muscular. Ratos Wistar machos receberam injeção i.m. de DecaDurabolin® ou veículo durante 6 semanas. Os animais dos grupos treinados foram submetidos a treinamento físico resistido, através de sessões de saltos em meio líquido. Os animais sedentários e treinados foram sacrificados após anestesia e o músculo sóleo retirado para quantificação de proteínas totais e DNA. Ao final do tratamento, os animais treinados tratados com veículo ou EAA apresentaram menor peso corporal do que os respectivos grupos sedentários. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas na concentração de proteínas totais e na razão peso muscular/peso corporal entre os grupos experimentais. O grupo treinado tratado com EAA apresentou concentração de DNA significativamente menor do que o grupo treinado veículo. A administração de decanoato de nandrolona não promoveu hipertrofia do músculo sóleo, nem mesmo quando associada ao treinamento físico resistido. ABSTRACT Nandrolone Administration Does Not Promote Hypertrophy of Soleus Muscle in Rats.Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are compounds formed from testosterone or one of its derivatives, which are largely used by amateur e professional athletes to improve the athletic performance. However, the scientific information about the relation between the use of AAS and muscle hypertrophy is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of testosterone and physical training on muscle hypertrophy. Male Wistar rats received i.m. injections of Deca-Durabolin ® or vehicle during 6 weeks. Trained rats were submitted to a resistance physical training, by jumping up and down in water carrying an overload. Sedentary and trained animals were anesthetized and sacrificed. Soleus muscle was removed for the quantification of total protein and DNA concentration. In the end of the treatment, body weight of trained animals treated with vehicle or AAS was lower than the body weight of respective sedentary. Total protein concentration and the ratio muscle weight/body weight of all experimental groups were not altered. Trained group treated with AAS presented lower DNA concentration than trained group treated with vehicle. The administration of nandrolone decanoate did not promote hypertrophy on soleus muscle, not even when the use of AAS was associated to resistance physical training.

show abstract

“…As diferenças de resultados podem ser atribuídas ao efeito do EAA aumentando a agressividade e a competitividade, às diferenças quanto à intensidade do treinamento ou dieta e aos efeitos placebos muito importantes (Wilson, 1988;Elashoff et al, 1991;Friedl, 2000). Outro fator que pode mascarar os resultados é a variação de sensibilidade dos diferentes grupos musculares à testosterona.…”

Section: Eaa E Desempenho Físicounclassified