Effects of an Integrated Carbide Slag-Mushroom Dreg-Calcium Superphosphate Amendment on the Stabilization Process of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd in Contaminated Soils

Abstract

In the present study, the integrated use of organic and inorganic amendments (CS–MD–CSP) including carbide slag (CS), calcium superphosphate (CSP) and mushroom dreg (MD) are employed for the stabilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils. A response surface methodology combined with immobilization efficiency was employed to evaluate and optimize the proportion of the integration amendments on the stabilization process. The results predicted by a Box–Behnken design indicated that the maximum immobilization efficiencies of soil Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd could be achieve up to 99.88, 96.11, 99.78 and 87.88%, respectively, when the dosage of CS, CSP and MD were set as 4, 1 and 6%, respectively. European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) speciation analysis indicated that the acid-soluble proportion of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd in the soils decreased by 72.68, 37.03, 9.36 and 12.94%, respectively. Thus, this CS–MD–CSP integration amendment could potentially be used for the remediation of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd in contaminated soils.

Sustainable application of calcium carbide residue as a filler for 3D printing materials

“…The accumulated CCR under the influence of rains can easily be washed away into soils, increasing alkalinity. There are a series of recent studies on carbide sludge utilization 39 in the chemical industry [40][41][42][43] and inorganic synthesis 44,45 . Other fields of CCR utilization involve CO 2 capture 46,47 , soil stabilization 48,49 , materials 50,51 and road construction 52 .…”

Study on improvement of copper sulfide acid soil properties and mechanism of metal ion fixation based on Fe-biochar composite

“…Organic fertilizers can effectively improve the problem of poor soil nutrients 36 . Among them, earthworm manure contains rich nutrients and a large amount of humus, and has good ventilation and water retention, which can effectively increase the level of organic matter in the soil 37 , 38 . Compared with lime, carbide slag exhibits a higher capacity for buffering acidity and stabilizing pollutants and potential nutrient capacity 39 .…”

K2FeO4 modified biochar promotes the improvement of acid soil properties and the fixation of heavy metal ions in copper mines.

“…Organic fertilizers can effectively improve the problem of poor soil nutrients. Among them, earthworm manure contains rich nutrients and a large amount of humus, and has good ventilation and water retention, which can effectively increase the level of organic matter in the soil [37][38] . In recent years, the concept of waste control by waste has gradually been applied to maturity.…”