Effects of an Increase in Levels of Phenolic Compounds on the Auxin Content and Growth of Lycopersicum esculentum

Marigo, G.; Böudet, Alain M.

doi:10.1016/s0044-328x(79)80150-6

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Recently, Rubery (17) (27) who found in the presence of N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid a stronger stimulation by IAA of elongation growth of maize coleoptiles. Alternatively, pollen tube growth promotion may result from the inhibition by flavonoids of oxidative destruction of IAA (12,13), resulting again in an increased endogenous level of auxin. Further experiments are required to unravel the precise mode of action of flavonols in pollen development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonols Stimulate Development, Germination, and Tube Growth of Tobacco Pollen

Ylstra¹,

Touraev²,

Moreno³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

183

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The effect of anther-derived substances on pollen function was studied using pollen produced by in vitro culture of immature pollen of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and petunia (Petunia hybrida). Addition of conditioned medium consisting of diffusates from in situ matured pollen strongly increased pollen germination frequency and pollen tube growth, as well as seed set after in situ pollination. Thin-layer chromatography and depletion of phenolic substances by Dowex treatment indicated that flavonols are present in the diffusate and may be the active compounds. When added to the germination medium, flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin) but not other flavonoids strongly promoted pollen germination frequency and pollen tube growth in vitro. The best results were obtained at very low concentrations of the flavonols (0.15-1.5 Mm), indicating a signaling function. The same compounds were also effective when added during pollen development in vitro.Male gametophyte and gamete formation in plants occurs by a close interaction with the surrounding sporophytic tissues, particularly the tapetum (1,14,28). A variety of factors have been suggested to play a role in this interaction. However, their function is still largely unknown.Flavonoids are secondary plant products that include pigments (chalcones, anthocyanins) and colorless compounds (flavanones, flavones, and flavonols) that are involved in pollination, seed dispersal, UV light protection, and plant/ pathogen interaction (9,11,23). Flavonoids are present in pollen of many species of angiosperms and gymnosperms, as well as in spores of ferns and mosses (29). Flavonoid biosynthesis is initiated by chalcone synthase, followed by the synthesis of flavanones by chalcone isomerase. Recently, it was shown that the chs and chi genes are coordinately In vitro culture of isolated microspores has shown that an important function of the anther for the development of the microspores and pollen grains is the stepwise provision of low mol wt nutrients and anabolic precursors (2, 4,18,20). Germination frequency and seed set of this pollen are, however, lower compared with mature pollen taken directly from the plant (2, 20). Obviously, in vitro pollen lacks factors that are provided in vivo by the sporophyte. The in vitro pollen can thus be considered as 'minimal pollen' that fulfills the minimal requirements for pollination and fertilization but lacks factors for optimal reproductive success (28). It should, therefore, react very sensitively to added compounds that in vivo are provided by the anther wall. Here, we show that flavonols but not other flavonoids produced by the anther are present in diffusates of mature tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) pollen and have a strong stimulatory effect on in vitro pollen development, pollen germination, and pollen tube growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonols Stimulate Development, Germination, and Tube Growth of Tobacco Pollen

Ylstra¹,

Touraev²,

Moreno³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

183

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“…ences between the two rootstocks in the way exogenous IAA was metabolised, since it is well documented that Shoots of the difficult-to-root apple rootstock M.9 and phenolic compounds can rraarkedly affect IAA degrathe easy-to-root M.26 display marked differences in dation and conjugation (e.g. Marigo and Boudet 1979, their rooting response in vitro' when growo in the pre- Stonier et al 1979, Lee 1980. Before examining any sence of the phenolic cotnpound phloroglucinol (1, 3, endogenous role of phloroglucinol (PG), attempts were 5-trihydroxyben2ene).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adventitious root formation ‘in vitro’ in apple rootstocks (Malus pumila) II. Uptake and distribution of indol‐3yl‐acetic acid during the auxin‐sensitive phase in M.9 and M.26

James

1983

Physiologia Plantarum

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During the auxin‐sensitive phase of root initiation, rates of 3‐indolyl‐ [2‐14C] acetic acid (IAA) uptake into the 1 cm bases of shoots of the apple rootstock M.9 (Malus pumila Mill.) ‘in vitro’ were not significantly affected by the presence of 10−3M phloroglucinol (PG) using either liquid or agar‐solidified media. The use of a liquid medium did however reduce rates of uptake over a 10‐day period of auxin application. The distribution of labelled IAA between the 1‐cm base and the shoot remainder was not affected by PG. Exposure of shoots of the difficult‐to‐root M.9 and the easy‐to‐root M.26, to 2.8 × 10−5M IAA containing [2‐14C] IAA revealed no positive correlation between the amount of label taken up by the 1‐cm base and rooting performance. M.9 bases absorbed almost twice as much label as M.26 after 9 days but had produced only one‐third as many roots. Measurements of label distribution between the 1‐cm base and the shoot remainder showed that less than 10% of the label moved to the shoot remainder over a 6‐day period of auxin application. Dose‐response curves of IAA and rooting over the range 1 × 10−5M and 3 × 10−3M showed that root number in M.9 was at an optimum at 1 × 10−3M IAA after 6 days whilst M.26 required only 1 × 10−4M for a similar response. These data support the hypothesis that differences in rooting of the two rootstocks reflect differences in the endogenous metabolism of exogenous IAA and not differences in its rates of uptake or distribution in the shoots.

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“…Es probable que la gran cantidad de fenoles presentes en lenga estén actuando como inductores de la oxidación de la auxina aplicada en el tratamiento, tal como lo informan Haissig (1974), Gaspar et al (1982) y Marigo & Boudet (1979). Estos autores señalan que la rizogénesis en la que AIA juega un rol fundamental, es también afectada por compuestos fenólicos, los que pueden modificar los niveles endógenos de AIA, e influir en el enraizamiento, por mecanismos que han sido relacionados con el metabolismo de auxinas.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusionunclassified

Fenoles Solubles Totales Y Su Relacion Con La Inhibicion De La Rizogenesis en Estacas De Nothofagus Pumilio (Poepp. Et Endl.) Krasser

2003

Gayana Bot.

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RESUMENLos compuestos fenólicos en concentraciones altas participan como inductores de la oxidación de auxinas, interfiriendo con la formación de raíces adventicias en estacas de tallo. Al no obtener enraizamiento en estacas de lenga (Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser) en invierno y verano, se atribuyó que esto se debía a una alta cantidad de fenoles producidos en lenga, comparado con otros Nothofagus. En este estudio se procedió a cuantificar el contenido de fenoles solubles totales en estacas de lenga a través del método analítico Folin-Dennis, y comparar con el contenido de fenoles solubles totales en raulí (Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst.), especie que sí forma raíces adventicias. El contenido de fenoles solubles obtenidos en N. pumilio fue mayor (2254 ± 296 ppm ) que en N. alpina (1978 ± 137 ppm) (P<0.05). Los resultados coinciden con la propuesta que la no formación de raíces adventicias en estacas de lenga sería influida por altas concentraciones de fenoles, siendo necesario continuar con esta investigación en el sentido de identificar tipos de fenoles y comprobar in vitro el efecto de los fenoles como inductores de la actividad enzimática responsable de la oxidación de la auxina PALABRAS CLAVES: compuestos fenólicos, Nothofagus pumilio, rizogénesis. ABSTRACTThe failure to obtain rooting in cuttings of lenga (Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser), has been attributed to higher phenol levels than those present in other Nothofagus. To test this idea, the Folin-Dennis analytical method was used to quantify the content of total soluble phenols in N. pumilio cuttings, and then compared to the phenols content in raulí (Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst.), a species that does form adventitious roots. Total soluble phenols in lenga were higher (2254 ± 296 ppm) than in raulí (1978 ± 137 ppm) (P< 0,05). The results support the proposal that relatively high phenol levels may be involved in the failure of adventitious rooting in N. pumilio cuttings. Further studies are needed to identify phenol types and to determine in vitro the effect of these phenols as inductors of enzyme activity responsible for auxin oxidation.

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Effects of an Increase in Levels of Phenolic Compounds on the Auxin Content and Growth of Lycopersicum esculentum

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Flavonols Stimulate Development, Germination, and Tube Growth of Tobacco Pollen

Flavonols Stimulate Development, Germination, and Tube Growth of Tobacco Pollen

Adventitious root formation ‘in vitro’ in apple rootstocks (Malus pumila) II. Uptake and distribution of indol‐3yl‐acetic acid during the auxin‐sensitive phase in M.9 and M.26

Fenoles Solubles Totales Y Su Relacion Con La Inhibicion De La Rizogenesis en Estacas De Nothofagus Pumilio (Poepp. Et Endl.) Krasser

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