Effects of an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on stress factors: A study in Dictyostelium discoideum cells

Photochem & Photobiology

Benedicenti

Ferrando

et al. 2016

Self Cite

In Paramecium, cilia beating is correlated to intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca ]i) and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Recent findings affirm that photobiomodulation (PBM) can transiently increase the [Ca ]i in mammalian cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of both 808 and 980 nm diode laser irradiated with flat-top hand-piece on [Ca ]i and NO production of Paramecium primaurelia, to provide basic information for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In the experiments, the laser power in CW varied (0.1; 0.5; 1; and 1.5 W) to generate the following respective fluences: 6.4; 32; 64; and 96 J cm . The 6.4 J cm did not induce PBM if irradiated by both 808 and 980 nm diode laser. Conversely, the 32 J cm fluence had no effect on Paramecium cells if irradiated by the 808 nm laser, while if irradiated by the 980 nm laser induced increment in swimming speed (suggesting an effect on the [Ca ]i, NO production, similar to the 64 J cm with the 808 nm wavelength). The more evident discordance occurred with the 96 J cm fluence, which had the more efficient effect on PBM among the parameters if irradiated with the 808 nm laser and killed the Paramecium cells if irradiated by the 980 nm laser. Lastly, the 980 nm and 64 or 96 J cm were the only parameters to induce a release of stored calcium.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation by Infrared Diode Laser: Effects on Intracellular Calcium Concentration and Nitric Oxide Production of Paramecium

Photochem & Photobiology

Benedicenti

Ferrando

et al. 2016

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“…Furthermore, because of a common ancestor with the metazoan, the experimental response of the protozoa can be correlated with those of the more‐developed organisms . It is important to emphasize how in protozoa, the identification of molecules responsible for neurotransmission in metazoan as well as the genome sequencing of several protozoa , has demonstrated that they can represent excellent bioassay in field studies on human health such as the effects of pesticides and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field as well as PBM .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 808 nm Diode Laser on Swimming Behavior, Food Vacuole Formation and Endogenous ATP Production of Paramecium primaurelia (Protozoa)

Photochem & Photobiology

Ravera

Parker

et al. 2015

Self Cite

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used in clinical practice for more than 40 years. To clarify the mechanisms of action of PBM at cellular and organism levels, we investigated its effect on Paramecium primaurelia (Protozoa) irradiated by an 808 nm infrared diode laser with a flat-top handpiece (1 W in CW). Our results led to the conclusion that: (1) the 808 nm laser stimulates the P. primaurelia without a thermal effect, (2) the laser effect is demonstrated by an increase in swimming speed and in food vacuole formation, (3) the laser treatment affects endogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in a positive way, (4) the effects of irradiation dose suggest an optimum exposure time of 50 s (64 J cm(-2) of fluence) to stimulate the Paramecium cells; irradiation of 25 s shows no effect or only mild effects and irradiation up to 100 s does not increase the effect observed with 50 s of treatment, (5) the increment of endogenous ATP concentration highlights the positive photobiomodulating effect of the 808 nm laser and the optimal irradiation conditions by the flat-top handpiece.

“…After washing, the blot was incubated with an anti-rabbit or an anti-mouse immunoglobulin secondary antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase, diluted 1:500, at 30°C for 3 h. After rinsing thoroughly, detection was performed directly on the membrane using the one-step NBT/BCIP Kit. β-Actin was detected in the same blot as loading control using a commercial antibody [21,22]. The experiments were performed at least in triplicate.…”

Section: Immunoblot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Petri dish was incubated for 360 h in a moist chamber to the temperatures of 4, 6, 8, 10,12,14,16,18,22,24,26,28,30,32 or 34°C. The Petri dishes exposed for 360 h in a moist chamber only to the temperature or only to the pesticide were utilized as controls.…”

Section: Detection Of the Effect Of Co-exposure To Pesticides And Temmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Temperature Variation on the Sensitivity to Pesticides: a Study on the Slime Mould Dictyostelium discoideum (Protozoa)

2014

Microb Ecol

Self Cite

Slime moulds live in agricultural ecosystems, where they play an important role in the soil fertilization and in the battle against crop pathogens. In an agricultural soil, the amoebae are exposed to different stress factors such as pesticides and weather conditions. The use of pesticides increased up from 0.49 kg per hectare in 1961 to 2 kg in 2004, and the global greenhouse gas emission has grown 70% between 1970 and 2004 leading to a global fluctuation of average surface temperature. Therefore, the European Directive 2009/128/EC has led to a new approach to agriculture, with the transition from an old concept based on high use of pesticides and fossil fuels to an agriculture aware of biodiversity and health issues. We studied the effects of temperature variations and pesticides on Dictyostelium discoideum. We measured the fission rate, the ability to differentiate and the markers of stress such as the activity and presence of pseudocholinesterase and the presence of heat shock protein 70. Our results highlight how the sensitivity to zinc, aluminium, silver, copper, cadmium, mercury, diazinon and dicofol changes for a 2 °C variation from nothing/low to critical. Our work suggests considering, in future regulations, about the use of pesticides as their toxic effect on non-target organisms is strongly influenced by climate temperatures. In addition, there is a need for a new consideration of the protozoa, which takes into account recent researches about the presence in this microorganism of classical neurotransmitters that, similar to those in animals, make protozoa an innocent target of neurotoxic pesticides in the battle against the pest crops.