Effects of an external exposure to 200 ppm methyl ethyl ketone on nasal mucosa in healthy volunteers

Muttray, Axel; Jung, Detlev; Klimek, Ludger; Kreiner, C.

doi:10.1007/s00420-001-0291-3

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Asaduzzaman et al (2011) reported that garlic fractions reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pal et al (2006) reported that garlic extract prevent hepatotoxicity and elevation of ALT and AST in rats treated with isoniazid and rifampicin. In diabetic rats, elevated levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, the increment of the activities of ALT and AST, increased food and water consumption were decreased in rats given garlic extracts (Masjedi et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schwetz et al (1991) reported that MEK has Embryo-and fetoxtoxicity in mice. Muttray et al (2002) reported that exposing 19 healthy male volunteers to 200 ppm (590 mg/m³) MEK or filtered air for 4 hours in a crossover study design resulted in irritation of mucous membranes, difficulties in breathing, and pre-narcotic symptoms. A single oral dose of 1,082 mg/kg of MEK in corn oil induced renal tubule necrosis in F344 rats (Brown and Hewitt, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies showed that garlic have anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hormone-like effects (Reuter et al 2002). Garlic was also found to have hepatoprotective effect (Pal et al 2006). Epidemiological findings a demonstrated an inverse relationship between garlic consumption and the incidence of stomach, colorectal and prostate cancer (You et al1989, Hsing et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effect of garlic on methyl ethyl ketone-induced biochemical changes in male rabbits.

Al-Sahhaf

2016

Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research

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The present study evaluated the effect of inhalation of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) on biochemical parameters of rabbits and the possible protective role of garlic aqueous extract. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 served as controls, group2 given garlic aqueous extract (0.2mg/ml, for a week), group 3 were inhaled (MEK) (500 ppm for 3 minutes daily for 4 weeks), group 4 inhaled MEK for 4 weeks and given garlic for another week. The results showed that exposing animals to MEK induced significant decrease in RBCs count, hemoglobin, hematocrit percentage and blood platelets. On the other hand, the WBCs count was increased. Triglycerides, cholesterol and transaminases (ALT and AST) were increased in the sera of treated rabbits. Rabbits inhaled MEK for two weeks and given garlic aqueous extract for another week showed an improvement of the hematological and biochemical parameters. It is concluded from the present results that garlic aqueous extract modulated toxicity of MEK and this may be attributed to the antioxidant activity of garlic constituents

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effect of garlic on methyl ethyl ketone-induced biochemical changes in male rabbits.

Al-Sahhaf

2016

Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research

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“…Transit times of more than 30 min are considered to be abnormal and are indicative of an impaired mucociliary clearance. In humans, mucociliary clearance can be assessed by the saccharine test (Muttray et al 2002). …”

Section: Part 1: Local Effects Of Irritants On the Upper Respiratory mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory irritation as a basis for setting occupational exposure limits

Bartsch²,

et al. 2014

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There is a need of guidance on how local irritancy data should be incorporated into risk assessment procedures, particularly with respect to the derivation of occupational exposure limits (OELs). Therefore, a board of experts from German committees in charge of the derivation of OELs discussed the major challenges of this particular end point for regulatory toxicology. As a result, this overview deals with the question of integrating results of local toxicity at the eyes and the upper respiratory tract (URT). Part 1 describes the morphology and physiology of the relevant target sites, i.e., the outer eye, nasal cavity, and larynx/pharynx in humans. Special emphasis is placed on sensory innervation, species differences between humans and rodents, and possible effects of obnoxious odor in humans. Based on this physiological basis, Part 2 describes a conceptual model for the causation of adverse health effects at these targets that is composed of two pathways. The first, “sensory irritation” pathway is initiated by the interaction of local irritants with receptors of the nervous system (e.g., trigeminal nerve endings) and a downstream cascade of reflexes and defense mechanisms (e.g., eyeblinks, coughing). While the first stages of this pathway are thought to be completely reversible, high or prolonged exposure can lead to neurogenic inflammation and subsequently tissue damage. The second, “tissue irritation” pathway starts with the interaction of the local irritant with the epithelial cell layers of the eyes and the URT. Adaptive changes are the first response on that pathway followed by inflammation and irreversible damages. Regardless of these initial steps, at high concentrations and prolonged exposures, the two pathways converge to the adverse effect of morphologically and biochemically ascertainable changes. Experimental exposure studies with human volunteers provide the empirical basis for effects along the sensory irritation pathway and thus, “sensory NOAEChuman” can be derived. In contrast, inhalation studies with rodents investigate the second pathway that yields an “irritative NOAECanimal.” Usually the data for both pathways is not available and extrapolation across species is necessary. Part 3 comprises an empirical approach for the derivation of a default factor for interspecies differences. Therefore, from those substances under discussion in German scientific and regulatory bodies, 19 substances were identified known to be human irritants with available human and animal data. The evaluation started with three substances: ethyl acrylate, formaldehyde, and methyl methacrylate. For these substances, appropriate chronic animal and a controlled human exposure studies were available. The comparison of the sensory NOAEChuman with the irritative NOAECanimal (chronic) resulted in an interspecies extrapolation factor (iEF) of 3 for extrapolating animal data concerning local sensory irritating effects. The adequacy of this iEF was confirmed by its application to additional substances with lower data density (acet...

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“…For example, the air oxidation of limonene (the citrus solvent) has been reported to create potent skin allergens (Karlberg et al 1992) and the products of ozone/terpene reactions cause airway irritation (Wolkoff et al 1999). Concentrations of organic solvents not exceeding the WHO exposure standards can cause subclinical rhinitis (Muttray et al 2002) and sensitization from exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) used in the manufacture of common polyurethane products eg. carpet padding in homes and offices may result in "isocyanate asthma".…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Plants: Improving the Indoor Environment for Health, Well-Being and Productivity

Wood¹,

Orwell²,

Tarran³

et al. 2008

Acta Hortic.

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This paper selectively reviews scientific research on the positive effects on building occupant's health, well-being and productivity that result from the presence of indoor plants in the workplace. Case studies show improvement in indoor air quality, (with a reduction in the levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), improved productivity by up to 12%, and reduced absenteeism and staff turnover cost. Indoor air pollution is a health hazard, which causes diseases, lost work days and reduced quality of life. Unhealthy indoor air has been estimated to cost the Australian community $12 billion dollars a year, and is a generally unrecognized significant environmental issue.

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Effects of an external exposure to 200 ppm methyl ethyl ketone on nasal mucosa in healthy volunteers

Abstract: Concentrations of organic solvents not exceeding their MAK values can cause subclinical rhinitis. The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and impairment of mucociliary transport can explain the development of clinical rhinitis in highly exposed subjects.

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Protective effect of garlic on methyl ethyl ketone-induced biochemical changes in male rabbits.

Protective effect of garlic on methyl ethyl ketone-induced biochemical changes in male rabbits.

Sensory irritation as a basis for setting occupational exposure limits

Indoor Plants: Improving the Indoor Environment for Health, Well-Being and Productivity

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