Effects of an aversive CS+ and CS− under deprivation upon successive classical appetitive and aversive conditioning

Bromage, Bruce K.; Scavio, Michael J.

doi:10.3758/bf03212003

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As previously noted, our interpretation readily handles the positive transfer that has been reported in Ap-to-Av transfer studies (e.g., Bromage & Scavio, 1978;DeVito & Fowler, 1982). This is so because transfer in this paradigm should be primarily influenced by the affective discrepancy between what the ApCS predicts and what the AvUS affords, inasmuch as behavioral differences among the Ap conditioning groups are relatively small (e.g., generallocomotion as opposed to approaching the food cup) and thus provide similar disparities with the target behavior in Av conditioning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Positive and negative transfer of conditioned aversive stimuli to a conditioned appetitive excitor as a function of aversive US intensity

DeVito

Fowler

1994

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Rats were given Pavlovian aversive (Av) conditioning in which a weak (O.5-sec, O.7-rnA) or a strong (O.5-sec, lA-rnA) footshock unconditioned stimulus (US) was presented alone or in a positive, zero, or negative correlation with a flashing-light conditioned stimulus (AvCS+, AvCSo, or AvCS-, respectively). Thereafter, the subjects received Pavlovian appetitive (Ap) conditioning in which the flashing-light CS was positively correlated in a forward order with the delivery of a food US. As anticipated, for subjects that had been trained with the strong shock US, the AvCS+ retarded and the AvCS-facilitated Ap conditioning relative to both the AvCSo and the novel-CS treatments, which did not differ in effect. However, the exact opposite prevailed for the AvCS+ and AvCS-subjects that had been trained with the weak shock US. On the basis of these and other data, we propose an "ABC" model oftransfer that stresses the importance of affective, behavioral, and cognitive factors in accounting for the divergent results that are obtained in both Av-to-Ap and Ap-to-Av transfer paradigms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Positive and negative transfer of conditioned aversive stimuli to a conditioned appetitive excitor as a function of aversive US intensity

DeVito

Fowler

1994

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Acquired motivational effects are implicated by the retarded acquisition observed with the hedonically opposing US (e.g., Scavio, 1974). Acquired cuing effects are implicated by: (1) the savings observed during the reacquisition of the original CR using the initial US (Bromage & Scavio, 1978); (2) the ability of a US to function as a CS when directly paired with a hedonically opposite US (see Gormezano & Tait, 1976); and (3) the simultaneous occurrence of hedonically opposite responses to a CS following an acquisition sequence in which the CS is paired with a US, which is subsequently paired with a hedonically opposite US (Tait, Quesnel, & Ten Have, 1986). Furthermore, it has been asserted (e.g., Soltysik, 1971) that the two associative consequences may be differentially sensitive to the effects of classical conditioning variables.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent development of excitatory and inhibitory associations during backward conditioning

Tait

Saladin

1986

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…The recording procedures for the NM CR have been described by Bromage and Scavio (1978), who detail variations in the preparations originally established by Gormezano (1966) .…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinction and reacquisition performance alternations of the conditioned nictitating membrane response

Scavio

Thompson

1979

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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The present experiment assessed extinction-reacquisition alternation and retention interval effects upon the performance of the rabbit's classically conditioned nictitating membrane response. The study revealed that the membrane conditioned response (CR) decremental rate on the third extinction set following reacquisition was enhanced. Reacquisition performance of the membrane CR was consistently accompanied by a large savings effect and was not influenced by alternated exposures to extinction. Finally, the imposition of retention intervals in lieu of extinction produced no differential effects upon membrane CR reacquisition. This pattern of results suggests that a conditioned stimulus may simultaneously retain excitatory and inhibitory learning properties with the expression of each determined by the presence (for excitation) and absence (for inhibition) of the unconditioned stimulus.The purpose of the present experiment is to ascertain the performance characteristics of the rabbit's conditioned nictitating membrane response (NM CR) in alternated extinction and reacquisition training cycles. The impetus for this investigation was provided by the earlier work of Smith and Gormezano (1965), who sequentially presented 22 l-day extinction and reacquisition sessions. Their results showed that NM CR performance remained at asymptotic levels across the interspersed reacquisition days, while performance over the extinction days gradually declined, with substantial levels of conditioned responding still evident on the final extinction session. Even though relatively small NM CR performance losses were observed across the extinction sessions, Smith and Gormezano noted an enhancement of the within-sessions decremental rate as the number of previous extinction sessions increased .In order to establish whether an accelerated betweensessions drop in NM CR extinction performance can be produced, the present experiment, in contrast to the Smith and Gormezano (1965) study , provided several consecutive days of extinction before a reacquisition session was given. By increasing the amount of uninterrupted extinction, a greater opportunity may be afforded for the formation of resilient conditioned Reprints can be obtained from M. J. Scavio, Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, California 92634. The authors wish to thank Pamela Scavio for her assistance in the completion of the experiment. stimulus (CS) inhibitory effects capable of surviving the imposition of reacquisition and substantially augmenting the between-sessions extinction rate. Moreover, recent theoretical accounts of classical conditioning (Frey & Sears, 1978 ; Rescorla, 1975;Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) have stressed that excitatory and inhibitory learning effects are controlled by opposing symmetrical processes. Thus, the accumulation of excitatory CS strength removes inhibitory CS effects and vice versa. The presently obtained pattern of extinction and reacquisition NM CR performances allows an assessment of the proposed theoretical affiliat...

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Effects of an aversive CS+ and CS− under deprivation upon successive classical appetitive and aversive conditioning

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Positive and negative transfer of conditioned aversive stimuli to a conditioned appetitive excitor as a function of aversive US intensity

Positive and negative transfer of conditioned aversive stimuli to a conditioned appetitive excitor as a function of aversive US intensity

Concurrent development of excitatory and inhibitory associations during backward conditioning

Extinction and reacquisition performance alternations of the conditioned nictitating membrane response

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