“…Evidence supports a role for Bn related peptides and their receptors in a wide spectrum of inflammatory processes including gastritis [263,264,266,288], uveitis [260,264,266], arthritis [98,100,10,251,252,264,266], small intestinal or colonic inflammation [5,12,104,264,266], experimental sepsis [52,61,264,266,267], acute lung inflammation and injury [59,65,264,266,266,341] and gastrointestinal inflammation [10,151,264,266]. These studies suggest BnRs plays different roles in these processes because in some inflammatory processes Bn/GRP is protective and ameliorates the damage from various noxious agents in the stomach, small intestine and in the colon [5,9,12,104,264,266,284], whereas in other inflammatory conditions of the colon or lung, either Bn/GRP stimulate the inflammation or Bn/GRP antagonists ameliorate the inflammation [59,62,65,260,264,266,341,382]. In the latter case a number of studies support the conclusion that activation of GRPR due to increased release of bombesin like peptides from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells is a common denominator for a number of lung diseases, particularly those associated with decreased alveolarization, including both bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema [59,65,266,341].…”