Effects of an African Weaver Ant, Oecophylla longinoda, in Controlling Mango Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Benin

Mele, Paul Van; Vayssières, Jean‐François; Tellingen, Esther Van; Vrolijks, Jan

doi:10.1093/jee/100.3.695

Cited by 84 publications

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“…It was necessary to adapt the "IPM package" for the different agro-ecological zones (AEZ), as the different pest management components may not be equally effective for each one. For instance, biocontrol using weaver ants, Oecophylla longinoda, seems to be most appropriate in woody areas of the Forest, the Guinean Savanna and both Sudan zones [39]. This is similar to O. smaragdina (Fabricius) in forests of northern Australia [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Annual population dynamics of mango fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in West Africa: socio-economic aspects, host phenology and implications for management

Vayssières¹,

Sinzogan²,

Adandonon³

et al. 2014

Fruits

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-Introduction. Losses in West African commercial mango orchards due to fruit fly infestations have exceeded 50% by the middle of the crop season since 2005, resulting in considerable income loss for the growers. Materials and methods. In 2009, weekly monitoring of adult fruit fly species of economic significance was carried out in eight West African countries at 12 sites across five agroecological zones: (i) Humid Forest, (ii) Guinean savanna, (iii) Southern Sudan, (iv) Northern Sudan, and (v) Sahelian. Trapping was performed using methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate in 288 Tephritraps, targeting Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis cosyra. Results. The data showed that B. invadens was present throughout the year in the Forest zone, abundant for 7 months, with a peak in May at the end of the mango season, C. cosyra being totally absent. In the Guinean savanna zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6-7 months, with a peak at the beginning of June coinciding with the season, with a few C. cosyra. In the Southern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6 months, with a peak in mid-June during the season, C. cosyra peaking in April. In the Northern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 5 months, with a peak at the end of June at the end of the season, C. cosyra peaking in May. In the Sahelian zone, B. invadens was abundant for 4 months, peaking in August during the season, C. cosyra peaking just before. These preliminary results showed that the exotic species, B. invadens, was present at high levels [mean peak of 378 flies per trap per day (FTD)] in all agro-ecological zones, while the native species, C. cosyra, preferred the drier zones of West Africa, with lower population levels (mean peak of 77 FTD). Conclusion. Detection trapping of male flies with parapheromones is a useful indicator of field population levels and could be used to deploy control measures (IPM package) in a timely manner when the Economic Injury Level is reached. Control strategies for these quarantine mango fruit fly species are discussed with respect to agro-ecological zones and the phenological stages of the mango tree.West Africa / Mangifera indica / fruits / exports / Bactrocera invadens / Ceratitis cosyra / agroclimatic zones / plant developmental stages Dynamique annuelle des populations de mouches des fruits du manguier en Afrique de l'Ouest: aspects socio-économiques, phénologie de l'hôte et implications pour leur gestion.Résumé -Introduction. En Afrique de l'Ouest les pertes dues aux mouches des fruits dépassent 50 % pour les cultivars d'intérêt commercial à partir du milieu de la campagne mangue depuis 2005, impliquant des pertes considérables de revenus pour les planteurs. Matériel et méthodes. En 2009, le suivi hebdomadaire des adultes de mouches des fruits a été mené simultanément dans huit pays ouest-africains au niveau de 12 sites différents dans cinq zones agro-écologiques : (i) forêt humide, (ii) savane guinéenne, (iii) soudanienne méridionale, (iv) soudanienne septentrionale, (v) sahélienne. Le piégeage des adultes a ét...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…From 2007 to 2012, the WAFFI project (IITA-CIRAD project) developed a comprehensive fruit fly IPM package including sanitation activities with bait sprays containing GF-120 [38], and important biological con- trol options with weaver ants [39,40] and parasitoids [41,42]. All these control measures are compatible with each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual population dynamics of mango fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in West Africa: socio-economic aspects, host phenology and implications for management

Vayssières¹,

Sinzogan²,

Adandonon³

et al. 2014

Fruits

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“…Extrinsic factors also affect yield loss, such as the presence or absence of weaver ants, Oecophylla longinoda, on the mango trees. This is because ant abundance is negatively correlated to fruit fly damage as demonstrated in Benin [14].…”

Section: Production Lossmentioning

confidence: 98%

The mango tree in central and northern Benin: cultivar inventory, yield assessment, infested stages and loss due to fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae)

Vayssières¹,

Korie²,

Coulibaly³

et al. 2008

Fruits

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The mango tree in central and northern Benin: cultivar inventory, yield assessment, infested stages and loss due to fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae).Abstract --Introduction. The mango tree is of prime importance to the rural economy of central and northern Benin since it provides food and crucial nutriments at the end of the dry season. However, mango producers in Benin are confronted with two problems that are closely connected: deterioration of fruit quality by fruit flies and the inadequacy of postharvest methods. In the Sudanian zone of Benin, fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae) are highly responsible for major production losses. Materials and methods. An inventory of all present cultivars and yields of main mango cvs. (Gouverneur, Eldon, Dabshar, Kent, Smith, Keitt and Brooks) was carried out in Benin on 7 000 fruits near Parakou (Borgou) during the years 2005 and 2006. Sampling of 3 000 young fruits (length range 13-26 mm) was carried out in 2006 in order to detect some very early tephritid attacks. A loss assessment of pre-ripening and ripening fruits was also carried out on 7 750 fruits in 2006. Results and discussion. We identified 29 cultivars in the district of Borgou where 75% of the mango orchards of Benin are situated. Most of these use the 'gatherer' production system. The early Gouverneur cultivar had the lowest yield (1.8 t·ha -1 ), and the late Brooks cultivar had the highest yield (10.4 t·ha -1 ). Small and immature young fruits allowed development of both C. cosyra and B. invadens in February and March, i.e., before the mango season itself: this result could be a useful result for pest control. For the pre-ripening and ripening stages, average losses due to tephritid varied from 0.34 t·ha -1 to 6.5 t·ha -1 depending on cultivar type, resulting in considerable loss of income for small planters. Taking all cultivars together, losses stood at 17% in early April and exceeded 70% at mid-June. By the middle of the crop year, over 50% losses were recorded. The seasonal cultivar Eldon and late cultivars (Keitt and Brooks) were the most infested. Conclusion. In the Sudanian zone of Benin, the two main species of Tephritidae that have a high economic impact on mango trees are B. invadens and C. cosyra. Our preliminary observations and calculations will be used in a forthcoming article to calculate the economic injury level of these fruit flies. Benin / Mangifera indica / plant developmental stages / Tephritidae / Bactrocera invadens / Ceratitis cosyra / varieties / yields / insect stings / crop losses Le manguier dans le centre et le nord du Bénin : inventaire des cultivars, estimation des rendements, stades touchés et pertes dues aux mouches des fruits (Diptera Tephritidae).Résumé --Introduction. Le manguier occupe une place particulièrement importante dans l'économie rurale des zones centrales et septentrionales du Bénin. Pendant la fin de la saison sèche, la mangue constitue un apport nutritionnel fondamental par sa forte teneur en nutriments. Mais, au Bénin, les producteurs de mangues sont confronté...

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“…As biocontrol agents weaver ants have proven efficient in controlling several pests in plantations of mango (Peng & Christian, 2004;Peng & Christian, 2005a;Peng & Christian, 2005b ;Peng & Christian, 2006;Peng & Christian, 2007;Davidson et al, 2007;Adandonon et al, 2009;Van Mele et al, 2007), citrus (Huang & Yang, 1987;Van Mele & Cuc, 2000;Van Mele et al, 2002;Van Mele, 2008), cashew (Peng et al, 1995;Peng et al, 1997;Dwomoh et al, 2009, Olotu et al, 2013, coconut (Way, 1954;Vanderplank, 1960;Varela, 1992;Sporleder & Rapp, 1998) and cocoa (Ayenor et al, 2004;Ayenor et al, 2007). For reviews see Way and Khoo (1992) and Offenberg (2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In Northern Benin, mango and cashew are the most important tree crops with high economic importance (Vayssières et al, 2008;Balogoun et al, 2014). Recently, pest control by weaver ants has been observed in mango and cashew (Adandonon et al, 2009;Van Mele et al, 2007;Anato et al, 2015) and here the fruit fly bait GF-120 has been identified as an effective supplementary IPM component that in combination with weaver ants may lead to better control of pests such as fruit flies and thrips Anato et al, 2015). At the same time GF-120 is an environmentally safe insecticide to use.…”

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confidence: 99%

Weaver Ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Performance in Mango and Cashew Trees Under Different Management Regimens

et al. 2018

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Weaver ants are used for biological control of insect pests in plantation crops. To obtain proper pest control, ant densities need to be high. Food availability and nesting facilities on host plants and management practices may affect ant performance. In the present study, we tested the effect of two host plant species (mango and cashew) and three different management practices (ants only, ants fed with sugar and ants combined with the soft chemical insecticide Spinosad) on weaver ant performance. Performance was assessed over a 22 month period, as an index value based on the number of ant trails per tree and as the number of ant nests per tree. A total of 216 trees (72 per treatment) were observed in each crop. In all treatments, the ants performed better in mango compared to cashew. Using the index based performance measure, ants also performed better in the sugar treatment as compared to the two other treatments, whereas this was not the case in cashew. We conclude that sugar feeding can be used to increase ant populations in mango. We also found that the treatment with Spinosad in combination with ants showed performance equal to the treatments with only ants, suggesting that Spinosad did not negatively affect ant populations. We therefore conclude that Spinosad is compatible with the use of weaver ants in integrated pest management programs.

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Effects of an African Weaver Ant, Oecophylla longinoda, in Controlling Mango Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Benin

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

Annual population dynamics of mango fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in West Africa: socio-economic aspects, host phenology and implications for management

Annual population dynamics of mango fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in West Africa: socio-economic aspects, host phenology and implications for management

The mango tree in central and northern Benin: cultivar inventory, yield assessment, infested stages and loss due to fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae)

Weaver Ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Performance in Mango and Cashew Trees Under Different Management Regimens

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