Effects of amygdaloid stimulation on pituitary-adrenal activity in conscious cats

Matheson, G.K.; Branch, Berrilyn J.; Taylor, Anna N.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90160-0

Cited by 77 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Slusherand Hyde [26] reported that in the encephalé isolé cat significant in creases in corticosteroid levels of the adrenal venous efflu ent followed stimulation of the medial part of the basal nu cleus; decreased levels were produced by stimulation of the lateral and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei. Matheson et al [16] reported that electrical stimulation of the corticome dial, basal and lateral portions, but not of the anterior por tion of the amygdala of cats elevated corticosterone and cortisol levels, and Redgale and Fahringer [22] reported a prompt increase in plasma ACTH after stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus in anesthetized cats. In con trast, in the monkey, stimulation of the basal and lateral portions but not the corticomedial part of the amygdala evoked increased plasma cortisol [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased adrenocortical activity has been reported to fol low bilateral removal of the amygdaloid and preamygdaIoid cortex of cats and dogs [17], electrolytic destruction of the amygdala of rats [32], and ablation of the medial amyg dala nuclei of deer mice [5]; decreased activity followed transection of the stria terminalis and bilateral amygdalectomy of monkeys [18]. A rise in plasma corticosteroid levels has been reported to follow electrical stimulation of the amygdala of conscious cats [16], cats during recovery stage of a long-lasting Dial anesthesia [24], pentobarbital anesthetized dogs [23], conscious rats [2], pentobarbital anesthetized rats [22] and conscious rhesus monkeys [19]. In conscious rabbits, electrical stimulation of the amygdala in creased the biosynthetic activity of the adrenal cortex [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Corticosterone Responses to Electrical Stimulation of the Amygdaloid Complex: Cytoarchitectural Specificity

Dunn

Whitener²

1986

Neuroendocrinology

144

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To pursue the possibility that subdivisions within the amygdaloid complex are differentially involved in adrenocortical function, plasma samples obtained prior to and following electrical stimulation of the amygdala of urethane (1.30 g/kg) anesthetized female rats were assessed for corticosterone concentration. Hippocampal EEG, ECG, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and respiration routinely were monitored, and timed blood samples (0.2 ml) were obtained from a catheterized artery. Blood samples were taken 0.5 min prior to and at 5, 10, 15, and 30 min after initiation of stimulation. Whereas stimulation of the central and lateral nuclei produced a decrease (p < 0.05) in plasma corticosterone, stimulation of the basomedial, medial and posterior corticomedial nuclei resulted in increased plasma corticosterone levels (p < 0.05). In contrast, no change in corticosterone levels were observed following sham stimulation or stimulation of several nonamygdaloid sites. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that subdivisions within the amygdaloid complex are differentially involved in adrenocortical function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Corticosterone Responses to Electrical Stimulation of the Amygdaloid Complex: Cytoarchitectural Specificity

Dunn

Whitener²

1986

Neuroendocrinology

144

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“…Over 20 different animal studies show that electrical stimulation of the amygdala will trigger both behavioral and autonomic responses that resemble fear in humans (15). In cats and rats, stimulation of the amygdala will increase plasma corticosterone levels (68,78,83). Lesions in the amygdala will block both conditioned and unconditioned fear responses (15), giving further evidence of the role of the amygdala as the fear center of the brain.…”

Section: The Role Of Fearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Reducing Handling Stress Improves Both Productivity and Welfare

Pas

Oldfield²,

Boyd³

1998

The Professional Animal Scientist

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Reducing stress on livestock during handling will help reduce sickness and enable cattle to go back on feed more quickly. Many detrimental effects of handling stressors on animal performance and health are likely due to fear. Practical experience on ranches and feedlots shows that making cattle accustomed to people both on foot and on horseback will produce calmer and easier to handle cattle. An animal's first experience with a new corral, a person, or pieces of equipment should be made as positive as possible. If a painful or very aversive procedure is done the first time, it may be difficult to persuade the animal to re-enter the facility. The following tips will improve handling: move small numbers of animals at a time, do not overload the crowd pen, eliminate electric prods, open anti-back gates, eliminate visual distractions that make animals balk, use flight zone and point of balance principles, and reduce noise.

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“…High circulating levels of gluco corticoids are characteristic of many stress-related psy chiatric disorders, including dementia [ 1 ], depression [2], alcoholism [3], obsessive-compulsive disorder [4] and an orexia nervosa [5], While extrahypothalamic (particularly are several lines of evidence dating back as far as 1959 which implicate the amygdala in the control of ACTH and corticosterone secretion. Although recent research sup ports the hypothesis that the amygdala plays a stimulatory role in adrenocortical function [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], a comparable amount of evidence supports an inhibitory role for this structure [15,[18][19][20],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of the Amygdala by Glutamate Facilitates Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Release from the Median Eminence and Activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Stressed Rats

Gabr¹,

Birkle

Azzaro

1995

Neuroendocrinology

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The role of the amygdala in the regulation of hypothalamic release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was investigated. Microinjection of glutamate (50 nmol) into the amygdala resulted in increased plasma corticosterone in male rats previously subjected to a 14-day unpredictable stressor paradigm (p ≤ 0.05 vs. saline-injected controls). A long-lived increase in corticosterone levels was also observed in rats which were urethane-anesthetized (1.35 g/kg) 3 h prior to glutamate microinjection (p ≤ 0.01 vs. saline-injected controls). These effects on plasma corticosterone were observed despite the presence of high basal levels of corticosterone. Furthermore, microperfusion of glutamate (3–300 µM) into the amygdala of urethane-anesthetized rats resulted in a dose-dependent increase in CRF release from the median eminence, as assessed by in vivo microdialysis (p ≤ 0.025 vs. basal). These results indicate a facilitating role for the amygdala in stress-induced increases in CRF release and subsequent adrenocortical activation.

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Effects of amygdaloid stimulation on pituitary-adrenal activity in conscious cats

Cited by 77 publications

References 20 publications

Plasma Corticosterone Responses to Electrical Stimulation of the Amygdaloid Complex: Cytoarchitectural Specificity

Plasma Corticosterone Responses to Electrical Stimulation of the Amygdaloid Complex: Cytoarchitectural Specificity

Review: Reducing Handling Stress Improves Both Productivity and Welfare

Stimulation of the Amygdala by Glutamate Facilitates Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Release from the Median Eminence and Activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Stressed Rats

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