Effects of Ammoniation of Tall Fescue on Phenolic Composition, Feed Intake, Site and Extent of Nutrient Digestion and Ruminal Dilution Rates of Steers

Ab, Chestnut; Ll, Berger; Gc, Fahey

doi:10.2527/jas1987.643842x

Cited by 17 publications

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“…Another possible explanation for the increase acetate concentration for steers fed treated CS may be attributed to the increase in fermentable fiber from chemical treatment. It has been well documented that alkaline treatment of poor-quality forages yields greater fiber fermentation (Chestnut et al, 1987;Gates et al, 1987). Considering that increased acetate concentrations are associated with an increase in ruminal fiber fermentation (Van Soest, 1994), this suggest that our reported increase in acetate concentration was primarily caused by an increase in fermentable fiber from chemical treatment.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 49%

Effects of feeding processed corn stover and distillers grains on growth performance and metabolism of beef cattle

Chapple

Cecava

Faulkner

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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Objectives were to evaluate the effects of replacing corn in feedlot finishing diets with processed corn stover (CS), processed by various combinations of chemical and physical methods, and modified wet distillers grain with solubles (MWDGS) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, digestibility, and ruminal metabolism of cattle. Corn stover was physically processed (ground or extruded) and chemically processed with alkaline agents (CaO and NaOH) to reduce the crystallinity of the lignocellulosic structure. In Exp. 1 steers ( = 18, initial BW = 385 ± 32 kg) and heifers ( = 41, initial BW = 381 ± 27 kg) were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments: 1) 55% dry, cracked corn, 35% MWDGS, 5% vitamin-mineral supplement, and 5% untreated ground CS (), 2) CS treated with 5% CaO (DM basis) and stored in an Ag-Bag (BGCS), 3) CS treated with 5% CaO (DM basis) and extruded (5 EXCS), 4) CS treated with 4% CaO and 1% NaOH (DM basis) and extruded (4,1 EXCS), or 5) CS treated with 3% CaO and 2% NaOH (DM basis) and extruded (3,2 EXCS). Extruded CS was hydrated to 34% moisture, then an additional 16% water was added, as a solution carrying CaO or NaOH or both, via a calibrated pump during processing through a dual-shafted encased extruder (Readco Kurimoto Continuous Processor, York, PA) with the desired exiting temperature of 76.7°C ± 2.8°C. All treated CS diets contained 20% CS and 40% MWDGS (DM basis) to replace 20% corn when compared to CON. There were no effects ( ≥ 0.20) of dietary treatment on ADG, G:F, 12th-rib back fat, marbling score, LM area, or yield grade. However, cattle fed CON had increased ( = 0.02) DMI compared to cattle fed the treated CS diets. In Exp. 2, using the same diets as fed in Exp. 1, ruminally cannulated steers ( = 5; initial BW = 417 ± 21 kg) were fed for 90% of ad libitum intake in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF increased ( < 0.01) when cattle were fed treated CS diets compared with CON, regardless of the treatment applied. Ruminal pH was reduced ( = 0.02) in cattle fed BGCS from 0 to 6 h postfeeding compared with cattle fed all other diets. Cattle fed the treated CS diets had the greatest ( < 0.01) mean acetate concentrations, which increased ( = 0.01) total VFA concentrations. Replacing a portion of the corn with treated CS in feedlot diets containing MWDGS increased fiber digestibility without affecting feedlot cattle gain, efficiency, marbling score, or LM area.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 49%

Effects of feeding processed corn stover and distillers grains on growth performance and metabolism of beef cattle

Chapple

Cecava

Faulkner

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Crude protein was drastically increased by ammoniation, agreeing with Chestnut et al [2]. The alkaline attack of ammonia on the ester bonds, linking lignin with cellulose and hemicellulose, supplied the straw with nitrogen.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Although the DM digestibility was slightly increased, the improvement of digestible DMI was primarily obtained by an increase of the DMI. This increase in DMI was reported to be due to an increase in the rate and extent of fiber digestion [2]. The fermentation characteristics (Tab.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional metabolism of hydrogen peroxide/anhydrous ammonia-treated barley straw in ewe lambs

Diouri

Wiedmeier

2000

Ann. Zootech.

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-A control and three treatments of barley straw were compared: NH 3 (3% of dry matter (DM)), 3% NH 3 after rehydration of the straw to 15% moisture with water, and 3% NH 3 after rehydration to 15% moisture with a H 2 O 2 solution (0.32% of DM). Forages were fed to fistulated ewe lambs, with a supplement, at two levels of intake (ad libitum and 75% ad libitum). At the ad libitum intake, the treatments mainly improved the intake; and digestible DM intake was 336, 455, 501, and 552 grams per head per day for untreated, NH 3 , NH 3 + H 2 O, and NH 3 + H 2 O 2 -treated straws, respectively. The first, second, and fourth values were different from each other (P < 0.01), but the third one was not different from the fourth (P = 0.09). A similar trend was observed in most other nutrient utilization parameters and fermentation characteristics. Intake restriction raised DM digestibility from 56.9% to 58.2% (P = 0.04). Anhydrous ammonia cannot provide alkalinity for the optimal action of hydrogen peroxide. straw / treatment / ammonia / hydrogen peroxide Résumé -Métabolisme alimentaire de la paille d'orge traitée à l'ammoniac anhydre et/ou à l'eau oxygénée chez les agnelles. Un témoin et trois traitements de paille d'orge : NH 3 (3 % MS), 3 % NH 3 après réhydratation de la paille à 15 % d'humidité avec de l'eau, et 3 % NH 3 après réhy-dratation à 15 % d'humidité avec une solution de H 2 O 2 (0,32 % MS) ont été comparés. Ces pailles ont été distribuées, à 8 agnelles fistulées, à deux niveaux d'ingestion (ad libitum et 75 % ad libitum), selon un dispositif en carré latin. Lorsque l'ingestion était à volonté, les traitements ont agi principalement sur l'ingestibilité, et la MS digestible a été de 336, 455, 501, et 552 grammes par tête par jour pour le témoin, les pailles traitées à NH 3 , NH 3 + H 2 O, et NH 3 + H 2 O 2 respectivement. Les première, deuxième, et quatrième valeurs ont été significativement différentes l'une de l'autre (P < 0,01) ; alors que la troisième ne l'a pas été de la quatrième (P = 0,09). Une tendance semblable a été observée pour la plupart des autres paramètres de digestion. La digestibilité de la MS est passée, en moyenne, de 56,9 % à 58,2 % avec la restriction de l'ingestion (P = 0,04). L'ammoniac ne peut pas fournir une alcalinité suffisante pour une action optimale de l'eau oxygénée.paille / traitement / ammoniac / eau oxygénée Ann. Zootech. 49 (2000) 329-333 329 © INRA, EDP Sciences

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Effect of ammoniation on toxicity of Acremonium coenophialum infested tall fescue

Chestnut

Fribourg

Gwinn

et al. 1991

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Effects of Ammoniation of Tall Fescue on Phenolic Composition, Feed Intake, Site and Extent of Nutrient Digestion and Ruminal Dilution Rates of Steers

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of feeding processed corn stover and distillers grains on growth performance and metabolism of beef cattle

Effects of feeding processed corn stover and distillers grains on growth performance and metabolism of beef cattle

Nutritional metabolism of hydrogen peroxide/anhydrous ammonia-treated barley straw in ewe lambs

Effect of ammoniation on toxicity of Acremonium coenophialum infested tall fescue

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